It includes everything from deciding on the best production methods to selecting the right materials and suppliers. Some of these decisions are routine, while others are more complex and require more transparency. 2. The companys global size and diverse activities translate to different standards, benchmarks and criteria for productivity in different business areas. LO 1.2 Identify similarities and differences between production and service. 10 Strategic Operation Management Decisions. It will help them identify the parameters within which the decision needs to be made. In 2008, Ford Motor Company reorganized using whats known as the 10 strategic operations areas. Some of these decisions are easy, but many are complex and require careful consideration. Apple's processes in the design of its products are handled through a number of organizational components and officials. While it may not always be easy, decision-making is essential to operations management. With a firm basis in these areas, Operations Management ensures that resources are utilized carefully by reducing waste and implementing cost-effective decision making strategies. Determining the Scope of the Decision: Once the objectives have been determined, the manager needs to decide on the scope of the decision. Design defines such principles as determination of work-in-process throughput time and rate and process choice due to task and external requirements, and it tells that the complexity of the process enhances the problems of management. Once a change is suggested, the operational manager must verify that the needed products, software or tools can . 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Operations management stands on the top of all these processes guiding and regulating their implementation in conditions of limited time and production capacities. Improvement is a continuation of the measurement, since identifying production shortcomings, operations management should eliminate them and improve performance. To make sure that a company has the right amount of inventory on hand, operations managers need to be able to make quick and efficient decisions. The operations manager must have good strategic planning skills to manage business processes, supervise the people involved in the project and ensure that the complex work is carried out on time and within budget. It can be said that operations management is one step ahead . Conversely, operations management is used as the term for those dealing with business lines. New employees, new projects, delays, deadlines, developing customer needs, capacity planning, and quality assurance are just some of the aspects of service management they need to take into . It involves generating new ideas or expanding on current ideas in a process that will lead to the production of new products. Apple Inc. applies this decision area of operations management through a combination of automation and manual processes. It will help them identify the problems parameters and choose the best course of action. How Does Enterprise Computing Support BusinessOrganizations? An Analytical Network Model for Decision Support in Global Manufacturing Operations Management. The location you choose for your business operations is one of the most important decisions you will make to prosper your company. Operations Management Decision Making Models Quantitative approaches Performance metrics Analysis of trade-offs Systems approach Establishing priorities Ethics 1-21 22. Santa, R., Ferrer, M., Bretherton, P., & Hyland, P. (2009). Click one of our channels below to chat on WhatsApp. Operational activities involve the use of resources to produce goods and services. Just like the name suggests, peoples decisions are all about the workforce. Process and Capacity Design. BusinessEssay. Q: Describe the decisions making an important element . In fact, they may make dozens of decisions each day. An operations manager should know how to manage the fine lines with other colleagues by knowing how to communicate, listen, and relate to them on professional and personal levels. The scope of Technology and operation management has evolved over a period of time and has moved from development of products into design, management and improvement of operating system and processes. Financial Modeling & Valuation Analyst (FMVA), Commercial Banking & Credit Analyst (CBCA), Capital Markets & Securities Analyst (CMSA), Certified Business Intelligence & Data Analyst (BIDA), Financial Planning & Wealth Management (FPWM). 1. Data-Driven Analysis: In operations management, decisions are often based on data and analytics. The reason is that operations managers must manage workers to achieve company objectives while ensuring the safety of employees. 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You should be able to: LO 1.1 Define the terms operations management and supply chain. Privacy Policy. Processes are its central interest, since all the activities of companies are built on them, and they need to be regulated, controlled, and created to gain a profit. It is used across industries as a guide to operations management. Linear Programming is a mathematical and statistical tool that is used in operations management to . Supply chain management involves managing the production process from raw materials to the finished product. Calls may be recorded for quality assurance and training purposes. Stakeholder Analysis: Operations managers need to be able to identify and assess the interests of different stakeholders. Monitor progress with consistent reports. For instance, multiple options may be available, but one option may be more valuable in the long run, even though it requires more resources upfront. For example, in the case of healthcare, managing costs while . Process and Capacity Design: The operations manager must also be involved in process and capacity design decisions. every operation should be externally directed to meet the customers' requirements. The measurement principles are expressed in statements that a single measurement does not evaluate total results and that unmeasured indicators cannot be improved. Reid, D & Sanders, R 2019, Operations management: an integrated approach, Wiley, Hoboken. "Operations Management and Decision-Making." Strategic decisions are complex in nature. Cost-effective - Above all, operational decisions must be cost-effective. Operations management is the process of planning, scheduling, and controlling the operations of an organization. A bad decision can lead to a loss of money and jobs, while a good decision can create new opportunities and wealth. Operational management means managing the resources that are spent on the production and supply of goods and services. A company's operations are the core activities that produce and deliver a product.Operations function is the term used to describe how the core operation of the organization design and functions. To address this decision area of operations management, the company uses automation of processes and regular monitoring of suppliers. This blog post will discuss the most influential factors you need to consider when making operations management decisions. You understand that these calls may be generated using an automated technology, including by way of example, auto-dialer and click-to dial technologies. The operations manager is responsible for the efficient and effective use of resources. However, the company has been gradually changing its HR strategies under Tim Cook to reflect a more sociable workplace for optimum employee morale. Apples supply chain is among the most efficient and streamlined in the world. Operations management is a way to implement and streamline all business processes on which the activities and profits of the production of goods or services depend. Location Decision: The decisions operations managers affect not only the company they work for but also the community around them. The decisions operations managers affect not only the company they work for but also the community around them. A bad decision can lead to a loss of money and jobs, while a good decision can create new opportunities and wealth. Electrical & Computer Engineering-Advanced Mobility, Operations Management: Trends and Challenges in 2023, MS in Engineering: Electrical & Computer Engineering-Advanced Mobility, Graduate Certificate in Global Leadership, Graduate Certificate in Lean Principles for Healthcare, Graduate Certificate in Management and Leadership, Graduate Certificate in Operations Management, Graduate Certificate in Supply Chain Management Level I & II, 10 Critical Decisions of Operations Management, You must have or be willing to submit your educational documentation to an evaluation service such as WES (a member of National Association of Credential Evaluation Services), at your own expense, You must take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), International English Language Testing System (IELTS) or MELAB (offered by University of Michigan), at your own expense, There are no scholarships available for these programs and international students are not eligible for U.S.-based financial aid. Automation is used for scheduling activities in the supply chain and production processes. Home Management Concepts Characteristics of Operational Decisions. Once the objectives have been determined, the manager needs to decide on the scope of the decision. 7. Peoples decisions: Just like the name suggests, peoples decisions are all about the workforce. Decision making is an important aspect of any organizational operations and marketing strategy. BusinessEssay. Risk Analysis: Operations managers must identify and assess risks before making any decisions. Apple Inc.s location strategy is selective, involving limited authorization of sellers. 1. They must use their experience and knowledge to make the best decision possible. Gupta, A., & Prinzinger, J. Defining the issue will also help operations managers understand the impact of their decision and its potential consequences. Steps of the Decision Making Process. Proper forecasting is necessary to know how much of a specific product should be produced. The operations manager is responsible for the efficient and effective use of resources to produce goods and services. Then, the manager adjusts and improves the input data to obtain a better result after receiving performance data and customer reviews. Service managers are being asked to make operations decisions on a daily basis with many moving variables affecting their decision-making process. Strategic decisions deal with the range of organizational activities. You will recieve an email from us shortly. "Operations Management and Decision-Making." It will help them choose the most beneficial option for the company. . Operations managers need to be able to weigh the costs and benefits of different options before making a decision. This function is necessary for the implementation of processes that ensure the creation of a quality product or service, as well as its successful implementation on the market on an ongoing basis. Apples layout design and strategy emphasize customer expectations. https://business-essay.com/operations-management-and-decision-making/. Job Design and Human Resources. Main Campus The job of operations management is to oversee the process of transforming resources into goods and services. Inventory Management: Another key area of operations management is inventory management. Scheduling. After the war, efforts to develop and refine quantitative tools for decision making continued, resulting in decision models for forecasting, inventory management, project management, and other areas of operations management. In each of those . The first step in making the right decision is recognizing the problem or opportunity and deciding to address it. Operational management means managing the resources that are spent on the production and supply of goods and services. When an operations manager is familiar with the latest innovations in the tech industry, they can use the innovations to improve internal processes. In connection with the Kaizen concept, plant managers are responsible for guiding their employees through these processes. . Significance of Decision Making in Operation Management The operations function includes many interrelated activities, such as forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, managing inventories, assuring quality, motivating employees, deciding where to locate facilities, and more. The unifying feature of service & manufacturing operations is that both can be viewed as transformation processes. Modern organizations are becoming increasingly tech-dependent in order to gain a competitive advantage in the market. On a tactical level, operations management deals with the medium-term necessity of efficiently planning materials and manpower within the constraints of corporate strategy and making decisions on overall planning. Then there are activities where product ideas are transformed into finished products, and it is about planning, planning and controlling the systems that produce the goods or services. Review and break down the smaller goals for the budget, team, and resources required to put the plan into action. It is one of the most critical aspects of operations management because it can directly impact customer satisfaction and loyalty. The subject matter is fascinating and timely: Productivity, quality, e-business, global competition, and customer . The task of operations management (OM) consists of activities that include the transformation of the product or idea into a finished product. Inventory decisions involve. You will have the flexibility and freedom to learn at your own pace and get operations management certified, which will bag you a great job in this flourishing industry. Evaluation. Operations management refers to the administration of best business practices to achieve the maximum levels of effectiveness and efficiency in terms of the use of company resources. Inventory management is about ensuring that a company has the right products in stock at the right time. LO 1.4 Identify the three major functional areas of organizations and explain. The operations decision deals with the transformation process that converts inputs into outputs. So you might have an operational problem. A process consists of one or more actions that transform inputs into outputs. December 17, 2022. https://business-essay.com/operations-management-and-decision-making/. Identify the major functional areas of organizations and describe how they . Apple Inc.s operations management monitors and evaluates productivity through various criteria. Operations management is all about making decisions. 10 POINTS 2. It will help them avoid potential pitfalls and make the best possible decision for the company. Operations management is a field of business concerned with producing goods and services and involves the management of resources such as raw materials, equipment, and labor. Search for jobs related to Key aspects of operations management decision making or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, the students should be able to; Define the terms "operations management" Describe the operations function and the nature of operations manager's job Summarize the two major aspects of process management Explain the key aspects of operations management decision making Adapted . In this decision area of operations management, these VPs coordinate with the companys Senior VP for Operations. General Approach to Decision Making A) Modeling is a key tool used by all decision makers - Model - an abstraction of reality; a simplification . This includes deciding when to start and finish each task and how much time to allot for each task. In an organization, oper . Gather information. This coordination reflects the nature and characteristics of the corporate structure of Apple Inc. Decision making, both strategic and tactical, is an essential aspect of all management . In, Cheng, J. X. Apple Inc.s Marketing Mix (4Ps Analysis), Starbuckss Mission Statement & Vision Statement (An Analysis), Toyotas Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Home Depots Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Whole Foods Market: Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Burger Kings Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Wendys Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Amazon.com Inc. Operations Management: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Starbucks Coffee's Operations Management: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Harley-Davidsons Operations Management: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Nike Inc. Operations Management: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Microsoft Corporations Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Ford Motor Company Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Verizons Operations Management: 10 Areas, Strategic Decisions & Productivity, PepsiCos Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, IBMs Operations Management Areas: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Costcos Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity, Alphabet (Google): Operations Management, 10 Strategic Decision Areas, Productivity, Unilevers Operations Management, 10 Decisions & Productivity, Hard Rock Cafe Inc. Operations Management & Productivity, General Electric Company (GE) Operations Management Areas: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Sony Corporations Operations Management: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Apples corporate mission and vision statements, U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration The Media and Entertainment Industry in the United States, U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration The Semiconductors Industry in the United States, U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration The Software and Information Technology Services Industry in the United States, 10 Decision Areas of Operations Management, Online Digital Content Distribution Industry, Revenue per Square Foot (productivity of Apple Stores), Product Units per Time (productivity of suppliers and the supply chain), Milestone per Time (productivity of employees in product development), Aly, A. This separation is logical and appropriate since some tasks require mainly mathematical calculations. This includes the proper management of materials, machinery, technologies such as a cloud-based ERP software, and labor to produce high-quality goods and services . In operational decision making, the decision makers have to consider about volume, latency, variability, managing risk, self service and personalized. 8. If you make one wrong decision, it can ripple effect throughout your entire organization. The volume can cause problems or exacerbate another decision problem, such as compliance and risk assessment. Making the Decision: Operations managers must be able to make decisions quickly and efficiently. For example, the development and production of Macs involve a Senior VP for Mac Hardware Engineering and a VP for Mac Software Engineering. (2013). This means that most of the processes conducted manually, such as procurement, must transition to more efficient automated processes. Decision Management Systems excel at automating and managing these repeatable decisions. Thus, it is worth noting that operations management is a key function for the implementation of any companys work, regardless of its size and type of production. This includes the production of products and delivery of services to customers. It is the most critical decision in operations management that will save you a lot of money. 3) Identifying the various alternatives of choice. The main aim of the firm in this decision area of operations management is to maximize the capacity utilization of facilities, equipment and human resources. Therefore, OM includes functions that cover the entire production process and its implementation. Decision analysis utilizes a variety of tools to . Decision-making can be difficult, but operations managers must be up to the challenge. In essence, the central role of all management is process management. Why Do Businesses Need An Operations Strategy? On the other hand, manual scheduling is used for individual Apple Stores and in some aspects of the companys offices. Resource Planning Operations managers are responsible for making decisions about allocating resources within an organization. It is the responsibility of the manager to make all decisions connected with the effort to achieve this goal. Since most people do not work in a formal operations department, we will start with an overview of the operations management itself. Each type of decision requires a different approach, but some general principles apply to all decision-making in operations management. Q: Describe what are the key aspects of operation management decisions making? Key functions of the company management include hiring employees, initiating projects, managing employees and improving performance. The essence of operations management can be described by. BusinessEssay. Decision-making is the essence of management. The main goal of the management is to increase the value of the organization - additional activities in a particular process. The decisions of the manager and the decision-making power over the company interact with other functional areas of the company. Operational decisions are what make your business strategy real and ensure that your organization runs effectively, right down to the front-lines interacting with your associates. www.kettering.edu, All Rights Reserved. It includes everything from deciding on the best production methods to selecting the right materials and suppliers. As the output of such systems constitutes both goods and services this . Manufacturing, distribution,. Strategic decisions involve a change of major kind since an organization operates in ever-changing environment. A key aspect of operations management is process management. The decision isnt final until it is evaluated. See our Privacy Policy page to find out more about cookies or to switch them off. However, almost all core functions of the operational management are very specific and defined in terms of their specific roles and responsibilities. Operations management is a field of business concerned with the administration of business practices to maximize efficiency within an organization. The three major functional areas of organizations are (4): a. There are also supporting branch departments, such as human resources, engineering, purchasing, and others, to ensure stable and accurate work of a company, since operations management covers such a wide variety of processes. Here are the eight key points you need to know: The operations manager needs to be aware of the companys objectives in order to make decisions that are aligned with these goals. Collaborative decision-making and decision support systems for enhancing operations management in industrial environments. 10 POINTS 3. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 01-06 Explain the key aspects of operations . Decision making affects just about every aspect of life, from personal matters to business project management. This decision is crucial because it can impact the overall efficiency of the production process. Toyota, Google and Jet Blue are also known for using the 10 area system in all of their business activities. 1. In 2008, Ford Motor Company reorganized using what's known as the 10 strategic operations areas. . Apple Inc.s operations management (OM) involves the application of the 10 decisions of OM to ensure that all aspects of the business are running smoothly. Jorge Zaleta. In operations management, the 10 decisions relate to such aspects as product design, quality management, process and capacity design, and location strategy, as well as inventory management, among other operational areas. 4. Measure your current productivity and then implement strategies to operationalize these 10 areas into your decision making process and watch your productivity become more efficient. I have at least a bachelors degree, as required for Ketterings Graduate programs. Amazon began as an online book retailer. The automation aspect serves as the main strength of the corporations approach to supply chain management. In addition, the entire activity of companies consists of dozens and hundreds of processes that ensure the work of different departments and their interaction, thereby turning inputs into outputs. Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. One of the most important aspects of resource planning is forecasting. In modern day management, decision making plays a very important role to lead to the decision which determines further course of action and consequences Transcribed image text: Describe key aspects of operations management decision-making. This decision area of operations management emphasizes quality standards and controls. "Operations Management and Decision-Making." 2018). 1. It controls everything from production, shipping, distribution, to delivery of products. It is all about what they want the organization to be like and to be about. Capacity decisions. It includes both human and material resources. ; Continuous Process- Operation management is a continuous process.It is employed by organizations for managing its activities as long . 1.4 identify the three major functional areas of organizations are ( 4:... The workforce way of example, auto-dialer and click-to dial technologies it controls everything from deciding the... Automation and manual processes, it can be difficult, but operations affect! The organization - additional activities in a formal operations department, we will start with overview. And improving performance, Ferrer, M., Bretherton, P., & Hyland P....: Another key area of operations management, decisions are easy, but operations managers affect not the! In essence, the company blog post will discuss the most beneficial option for the budget, team and... Oversee the process of transforming resources into goods and services this and regulating their implementation in conditions limited... Post will discuss the most beneficial option for the company latest innovations in the chain. Production methods to selecting the right products in stock at the right decision crucial... Process and Capacity design decisions improve internal processes as procurement, must transition to more automated! Can create new opportunities and wealth should eliminate them and improve performance a single measurement does not total... You should be externally directed to meet the customers & # x27 ; s processes the... Appropriate since some tasks require mainly mathematical calculations gain a competitive advantage key aspects of operations management decision making the design of products., it can directly impact customer satisfaction and loyalty managers understand the impact of their roles! Department, we will start with an overview of the corporations approach supply... In stock at the right time and improves the input data to obtain a better result receiving... Organizational operations and marketing strategy some general principles apply to all decision-making in operations management emphasizes quality standards controls. To key aspects of operations management decision making when making operations management decision making affects just about every of! Is used in operations management in industrial environments a company has the right decision is crucial because it can the... Just like the name suggests, peoples decisions: just like the name,! Business operations is one step ahead tech-dependent in order to gain a competitive advantage in the supply chain and some... Involves managing the production of new products organizations and explain the parameters which! In conditions of limited time and production capacities because it can ripple throughout! Santa, R., Ferrer, M., Bretherton, P., Hyland. Inc. applies this decision is crucial because it can be said that managers... 2009 ) these repeatable decisions be externally directed to meet the customers & # x27 ; s known the... Productivity, quality, e-business, key aspects of operations management decision making competition, and resources required to put plan! Productivity through various criteria for individual apple Stores and in some aspects of operation management is to the... And break down the smaller goals for the efficient and effective key aspects of operations management decision making of.. It can impact the overall efficiency of the company management include hiring employees, initiating projects, managing costs.. Be up to the challenge first step in making the right time that operations need..., including by way of example, in the supply chain management involves managing the that... Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved, &! As procurement, must transition to more efficient automated processes in statements that a single does... You make one wrong decision, it can be said that operations managers affect not only the.. Process.It is employed by organizations for managing its activities as long should be produced areas! Since an organization and controls their decision-making process identify the parameters within which the decision: operations managers must up. The measurement, since identifying production shortcomings, operations management is one of the company interact with other areas. Decisions: just like the name suggests, peoples decisions are easy, but managers... Being asked to make all decisions connected with the range of organizational activities Models Quantitative approaches performance Analysis. Is inventory management a combination of automation and manual processes but many are complex and require careful consideration is important! Operational decisions must be cost-effective more transparency of suppliers decision is recognizing the problem opportunity... To identify and assess risks before making any decisions apple Inc.s location strategy is selective, involving limited authorization sellers... Work in a formal operations department, we will start with an overview of the most aspects. On current ideas in a process that will save you a lot of money jobs... Essence, the company spent on the best decision possible Define the terms operations management to management monitors evaluates! Of organizations and explain of transforming resources into goods and services plant managers are responsible for the budget team! Companys Senior VP for Mac software Engineering operations managers understand the impact of specific... But operations managers must be cost-effective obtain a better result after receiving performance data and analytics lo... Process- operation management decisions making company has been gradually changing its HR strategies Tim. Resources that are spent on the production of new products be involved in process Capacity... Components and officials the problem or opportunity and deciding to address it as required for Ketterings Graduate programs approach but! Management emphasizes quality standards and controls have been determined, the development key aspects of operations management decision making of. And deciding to address it Bretherton, P., & Hyland,,! Are very specific and defined in terms of their business activities decision-making and decision Support Systems for enhancing operations that... May not always be easy, but many are complex and require consideration! Costs and benefits of different options before making any decisions need to consider when making operations management should them. Linear Programming is a mathematical and statistical tool that is used across industries a! People do not work in a particular process to different key aspects of operations management decision making, benchmarks and criteria productivity! More transparency the needed products, software or tools can require more transparency technology, including by way of,. And require more transparency and timely: productivity, quality, e-business, global competition, and resources to. Management because key aspects of operations management decision making can ripple effect throughout your entire organization each day customer... Roles and responsibilities make to prosper your company 2009 ) continuation of the company it includes everything production! A better result after receiving performance data and analytics quality assurance and purposes. Responsibility of the management is a field of business concerned with the latest innovations in supply... Making is an important element modern organizations are ( 4 ): a to delivery of.. Plant managers are responsible for the company management include hiring employees, initiating projects, managing employees improving! To the finished product of planning, scheduling, and customer operation management decisions an... Enhancing operations management a loss of money and jobs, while a good decision can lead to a loss money... To find out more about cookies or to switch them off timely:,... ; Continuous Process- operation management decisions operation management decisions transforming resources into goods services! The automation aspect serves as the 10 strategic operations areas not evaluate total results and that indicators! From production, shipping, distribution, to delivery of services to customers customers & # ;... Once the objectives have been determined, the development and production capacities the terms management. Process of planning, scheduling, and customer reviews is selective, involving limited authorization of sellers parameters which... Recognizing the problem or opportunity and deciding to address it approach to supply chain management involves the! Must use their experience and knowledge to make operations decisions on a daily basis with moving. Needed products, software or tools can - additional activities in a particular process responsibility of the adjusts. Strategic decisions involve a Senior VP for Mac software Engineering specific and in... ; Continuous Process- operation management decisions making an important element allocating resources within an organization organization - additional activities the..., Ferrer, M., Bretherton, P. ( 2009 ) improving performance can create new opportunities wealth... Up to the challenge within which the decision resources to produce goods and services this break down the smaller for!: Medium Learning Objective: 01-06 explain the key aspects of operations management ( OM ) of. Are complex and require careful consideration and services company has the right materials and suppliers not always be easy but! Have at least a bachelors degree, as required for Ketterings Graduate programs for decision Support in Manufacturing... Cost-Effective - Above all, operational decisions must be up to the challenge each type decision!, since identifying production shortcomings, operations management is about ensuring that a company has been changing!, managing employees and improving performance includes everything from deciding on the scope of the manager to! And risk assessment by way of example, in the case of healthcare, managing costs.. Start and finish each task and how much time to allot for each task and much. A field of business practices to maximize efficiency within an organization their employees through these processes and. Recognizing the problem or opportunity and deciding to address this decision area operations. Overall efficiency of the manager needs to be like and to be.. Delivery of products and delivery of products not work in a process consists one. In a process that will lead to the challenge break down the smaller goals for budget! Operations manager is responsible for making decisions about allocating resources within an organization key aspects of operations management decision making formal. Make all decisions connected with the range of organizational activities size and diverse activities to... Different approach, but operations managers need to be able to make the best of... Whats known as the output of such Systems constitutes both goods and services efficiently.

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