5) Mass of hydrated salt mass of anhydrous salt = mass of water. =. For example, if you getample fruits and veggies each day (both of which are packed with hydrating fluid), you wont need to gulp down as much water. Calculate the formula mass. 5 shows that there is no intersection with the 333 K (140F) isotherm. One mole of carbonate ion will produce n moles of water. new Array(111,0,3730), new Array(111,20,4200), new Array(111,40,4560), new Array(111,60,4920), The hydrated form of cobalt (II) chloride contains six water molecules in each formula unit. var result2 = Math.round(result1); Three major categories of hydrates are inorganic hydrates, organic hydrates, and gas (or clathrate) hydrates. The basis for these calculations is 1.0 MMscf/D. Now; Number of moles of hydrogen = 6.72 1.01. Hydration Calculator: How Much Water Do You Need to Drink a Day? A lactometer is an instrument that is used to check for the purity of milk by measuring its density. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. c) To convert grams to moles. Time to MAX Account. if(data[i][j]== min) 4.3 Quantitative chemistry. 18. ! Answer: First, let us find the amount of acid consumed by Ba(OH)2. Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering. var theOb = Get( oName, oFrame.frames[x], oFrame.frames[x].document ); if( theOb ) { return theOb; } } GENDER AVERAGE WEIGHT Kg LBS EXERCISE PER WEEK NO 1x 3x 5x 7x ALTITUDE High >5K Low <1K new Array(85,0,2850), new Array(85,20,3330), new Array(85,40,3690), new Array(85,60,4050), Why Improve Hydrate Predictions for Deepwater Black Oil? 1945. There are several ways to do hand calculations for three-phase LW-H-V conditions: The gas gravity method is the simplest method for quantifying the hydrate formation temperature and pressure. function perRound(num, precision) { "Hydrate Days" is the number of days you will be hydrating daily each week. By this chart, 1,050 psia and 195F, the inlet gas water content is 600 lbm/MMscf. Which Exercises Will Help Reduce My Big Breast Size? 3 to determine the limits to wet gas expansion across an isentropic device such as a nozzle or turboexpander; however, that has not been done. That means this: CuSO 4 ---> 74.7 g H 2 O ---> 25.3 g 2) Change to moles: CuSO 4 ---> 74.7 g / 159.607 g/mol = 0.468 mol H 2 O ---> 25.3 g / 18.0 g/mol = 1.406 mol 3) Divide by the smallest: CuSO 4 ---> 0.468 mol / 0.468 mol = 1 Maintaining the system temperature above the hydrate formation temperature by using a heater and/or insulation. . Proc., 64th Annual Convention of the Gas Producers Association, Houston, 125. Follow 3 easy steps to see whether you are drinking enough water. Interestingly, Browns charts also could be used with Fig. new Array(65,0,2190), new Array(65,20,2670), new Array(65,40,3030), new Array(65,60,3390), Divide the number of moles of water lost by the number of moles of anhydrous salt to get the ratio of water molecules to formula units. will be reached in days. The mass of water lost during heating can be determined and the coefficient x can be calculated from the ratio of moles of anhydrous salt to moles of water. Fig. 1996-2023 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. 4.3.2 Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances National Library of Medicine. Louisiana Tech University Chemistry: Percent Water in a Hydrate. 0 By ShapeFit Fitness Calculators This hydration calculator provides an estimate for the amount of water you should consume when exercising in order to stay fully hydrated and avoid becoming dehydrated during your workout. } Hydration for Health, Hydration for Health 2018 | new Array(67,0,2250), new Array(67,20,2730), new Array(67,40,3090), new Array(67,60,3450), Subscribe to our newsletter and stay up to date with the latest news and deals! "Maintaining good hydration ensures optimal cognitive performance. new Array(112,0,3750), new Array(112,20,4230), new Array(112,40,4590), new Array(112,60,4950)); The mole fraction MeOH in the free-water phase (xMeOH-W) is: The mole fraction MeOH in the free-water phase is xMeOH-W = 0.172. Short Term Fitness Goals Take Baby Steps for Success. This is the difference in mass, between the hydrate and the anhydrous salt. How Should I Space Meals for Gaining Muscle Mass? Step 2: Now click the button "Calculate Percent Composition" to get the result. Exercise .. Altitude .. Step 5Calculate the MeOH lost to the gas phase. Sum the amounts in steps 4, 5, and 6 for the total methanol needed. Recall the Hammerschmidt[10] equation (Eq. Significant figures are important in science. Which hydrate conditions are calculable by hand? To give yourself a better sense of how much water you need to drink each day, use this hydration calculator. We hope you'll check out our other challenges and tools if you haven't already! When gathering critical prediction results for a design, however, it is important to check the program results by hand to determine whether the program has made an unusual prediction. } a) To use the method of "weight by difference" to determine mass quantities. Title : Formula Mass of a Hydrated Salt Purpose : Define humidity, hydrate, and anhydrous compound; Explore the process of. Lean Body Mass Calculator Do You Have More Muscle or Fat? Most people can understand the foolishness in trying to consume all the water you need in a day all at once. At pressures and temperatures to the right of every line, the system will be hydrate-free. Salts known as hydrates contain molecules of water incorporated into their crystal structures. Step 3Calculate the mass of liquid water/MMscf of natural gas. The highest gas gravity without hydrate formation, when the pressure is 4.76 MPa (700 psia) and the temperature is 289 K (60F). The residue masses 2.48 g. We hate spam! 3. In our example, we lost 9 grams of water; if we divide 9 by 18, we get 0.5 moles of water lost. 3) provides the MeOH or MEG concentration in the aqueous phase. 49, No. Transcribed image text: B. if (totalPad > 0) { Although these expressions for the inhibitor partitioning are the most current, inhibitor partitioning is an active research area, for which new equations and constants will be developed over the coming few years. 3, calculate the gas gravity and specify the lowest temperature of the pipeline/process. 7, 45. The purpose of this lab is to calculate the chemical formula of a hydrate compound made up of copper, chlorine, and water molecules by using the law of definite proportions. 8 How is the coefficient x of a hydrate determined? The procedure to use the percent composition calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the chemical formula in the input field. Reading Compounds that have water attached (hydrates) The represents CuSO 4 that has 5 waters attached.. CuSO 4 5H 2 O If you are given the formula you would do analysis of the information provided. Solution: Step 1: In this step, we have to determine the moles of each element. A "building block" of a gas hydrate . The other three-phase regions (e.g., LW-H-LHC and I-H-V) are less important, and methods presented below are suitable for checking the accuracy of a computer program in the LW-H-V region as an indication of the quality of the other three-phase predictions. Principal. Cautioning that the charts apply to gases of limited compositions, Katz[9] provided constant enthalpy expansion charts for gases of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 gravities, shown in Figs. { 2 How do you find the percent of water in a compound? RELATED: 13 Genius Hacks That Will Help You Stay Hydrated. All Rights Reserved. window.top.debugWindow.closed) { Fig. You can celebrate on when you MAX out your account in . Solution: 1) Calculate moles of anhydrous barium chloride: 4.26 g / 208.236 g/mol = 0.020458 mol 2) Calculate moles of water: What molecular formula represents a carbohydrate? err = 1; new Array(99,0,3300), new Array(99,20,3780), new Array(99,40,4140), new Array(99,60,4500), At 700 psia and 60F, gases with gravity below 0.69 are not expected to form hydrates. Tsonopoulos, C. 2001. } 4. to building habits of drinking more natural water with infusers that For example, your body uses water to maintain its temperature, remove waste and lubricate joints. 2H2O Problem #4:A 1.98 g sample of a cobalt (II) chloride hydrate is heated over a burner. function doHover(obj, isRow) At 950 psia and 38F, the exiting gas contains 9 lbm/MMscf of water. 1) to calculate the amount of water in the vapor/MMscf. 1. For this reason and because of readily available commercial programs, engineers usually elect to use those rather than construct another program. new Array(78,0,2640), new Array(78,20,3120), new Array(78,40,3480), new Array(78,60,3840), decPartLen = 0; // If no decimal, then all decimal places will be padded with 0s Water needs vary due to your weight, environmental conditions, and your level of physical activity during the day. new Array(28,0,945), new Array(28,20,1185), new Array(28,40,1365), new Array(27,60,1560), } new Array(59,0,1995), new Array(59,20,2475), new Array(59,40,2835), new Array(59,60,3195), Water is essential for good health. Find out how much water you really need to drink each day, whether you can overdose on H2O, and more. 2: Using this gas gravity number to read Fig. How do you calculate hydrates? var r, c; Where E is the experimental value and T is the theoretical value. Can I Get a Flat Stomach After a Hysterectomy? In well-testing, startup, and gas lift operations, hydrates can form with high pressure drops, even with a high initial temperature, if the pressure drop is very large. This section offers some hand-calculation techniques for this type of evaluation. Presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April3 May. Weight .. Having said all that, let's now construct a table to calculate the molar mass of CuSO 4, and another to calculate the mass . var tbl = Get(id); loopTable(tbl, doHover); The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. What is the chemical formula of a diamond? Did you know that water makes up more than half of your body weight? (w2 = b - c) 4. new Array(61,0,2060), new Array(61,20,2540), new Array(61,40,2900), new Array(61,60,3260), 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA. Use This Chart for Water Content of Natural Gases. Mass of unknown hydrate ( 12) 4. Unit system 5 H. 2. This chemical would be called calcium sulfate trihydrate. This page was last edited on 15 January 2018, at 09:29. new Array(105,0,3540), new Array(105,20,4020), new Array(105,40,4380), new Array(105,60,4740), Based in San Diego, John Brennan has been writing about science and the environment since 2006. Such a calculation requires a second multiphase fluid flow simulator. if (regTest.test(num)) Notice the formula for the salt is followed by a raised dot, then a coefficient stating the number of water molecules, and then the formula for water. make water taste more like flavours you are familiar with. If you report an answer using too many or too few, it may be considered incorrect, even if you set up the problem properly. Calculate number of grams of water [w2] in your hydrate sample. Climate .. Pregnancy .. BreastFeeding .. * Please fill out the information below. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? Heres how to tell them apart and when to seek an expert opinion Keep your body working as it should by drinking enough water. The formula of the hydrate shows the ratio of the moles of anhydrous salt to the moles of water; in the above case, that ratio is 1:5. new Array(27,0,900), new Array(27,20,1140), new Array(27,40,1320), new Array(27,60,1500), The hydrate temperature of the gas is 17 o C. The gas arrives onshore at 5 o C and 6500 kPa. DRIP Account Overview DRIP Deposit on day. Hydrate temperature suppression is calculated using the Heriot-Watt correlation, given by: However, because the dissociation pressure term is not typically known, flotools omits the entire term from the calculation, resulting in: where the terms are constants that are unique to the specific inhibitor component causing the temperature suppression. Water is the only naturally occurring zero-calorie drink. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure. Upping your water intake is a healthy habit thats worth committing to. The periodic table lists the molar mass of each element. The hydrate Na. Legal notice. When water-wet gas expands rapidly through a valve, orifice, or other restriction, hydrates form because of rapid gas cooling by Joule-Thomson (constant enthalpy) expansion. if (tbl) { 2002. Sum the condensed and produced water: Step 4Calculate the rate of methanol needed in the aqueous phase. J. Supramol. new Array(103,0,3450), new Array(103,20,3930), new Array(103,40,4290), new Array(103,60,4650), 5. Figure 15-4 shows an example of these curves, which shows the stability of natural gas hydrates as a . if (isRow) { window.alert("Please select the daily exercise level that is applicable.") The abscissa (x-axis) in each figure represents the lowest downstream pressure without hydrate formation, given the upstream pressure on the ordinate (y-axis) and the upstream temperature (a parameter on each line). The gas gravity (g) is calculated as 0.603, using the average molecular weight calculated in Table 3 and Eq. 2. new Array(95,0,3195), new Array(95,20,3675), new Array(95,40,4035), new Array(95,60,4395), Percent error = |Approximate value Exact Value|/Exact value * 100. new Array(104,0,3495), new Array(104,20,3975), new Array(104,40,4335), new Array(104,60,4695), Things You'll Need Cite this Article err=0; Formula of a Hydrate (Anhydrous SolidxH2O) In order to determine the formula of the hydrate, [Anhydrous SolidxH2O], the number of moles of water per mole of anhydrous solid (x) will be calculated by dividing the number of moles of water by the number of moles of the anhydrous solid (Equation 2.12. Indeed, as theHarvard School of Public Healthpoints out, good hydration keeps the body functioning properly, lubricates joints, and regulates body temperature. Calories Per Day Calculator How Many Calories Do You Need? new Array(50,0,1695), new Array(50,20,2175), new Array(50,40,2475), new Array(50,60,2850), Calculate the molar mass of the anhydrous salt using the periodic table. new Array(86,0,2895), new Array(86,20,3375), new Array(86,40,3735), new Array(86,60,4095), For example, your body uses water to maintain its temperature, remove waste and lubricate joints. . return zerosPad(result3, precision); In other words, even in the exact same conditions, two people of the same gender, weight, and with similar diets will sweat differently and thus need different amounts of fluid. +. The mass of the crucible with hydrated copper . How do you find molecular formula of a compound? x m = 1 -exp (-d/72) where: d = depression of the water dew point or gas hydrate freezing point, deg C (>13.5) Vaporization losses are to be calculated as explained previously. Percent error is determined by the difference between the exact value and the approximate value of a quantity, divided by the exact value and then multiplied by 100 to represent it as a percentage of the exact value. Fig. Thats because hydration needs are far from one-size-fits-all. Policies. A pipeline with the gas composition below has inlet pipeline conditions of 195F and 1,050 psia. Solution: 1) Assume 100. g of the hydrate is present. This section provides an initial hand calculation method for situations when hydrates will form upon rapid expansion. The difference in mass between the anhydrous and hydrated salt gives you the information you need to find the percentage of water in the hydrate. In this lab we actually calculate the formula of the formula for the hydrate MgSO 4 x H 2 O The "x" is how many waters are attached to each MgSO 4. As indicated above, the 0.6-gravity chart (used for both hydrate formation and gas expansion) may have inaccuracies of 3.4 MPa (500 psia). Hydrate formation data at 277 K were averaged for 20 natural gases, Although it is not presented in this page, the Katz, A more compact, accessible method for hydrate formation from water and gas mixtures is the gas gravity method. This is how many grams of anhydrous sodium carbonate dissolved. Fig. The sections below give hydrate formation hand calculations along the three-phase (LW-H-V) system and for three-phase (LW-H-V) hydrate formation on wet gas expansion, as through a valve. There are several things that will determine the particular water requirements of ones body: Those most interested in maintaining a close eye on their water consumption need only to observe their urine, looking out for pale yellow to clear coloring for those well hydrated bodies, as opposed to darker shades of urine, which have been known to signal dehydration. Calculate molar mass percent . mass. The mass of water evaporated is obtained by subtracting the mass of the anhydrous solid from the mass of the original hydrate ( 5.3 ): mH 2O = mHydrate mAnhydrous Solid if (fieldPrompt) { for( var x = 0; x < oDoc.forms.length; x++ ) { if( oDoc.forms[x][oName] ) { return oDoc.forms[x][oName]; } } function showDebug() { new Array(94,0,3150), new Array(94,20,3630), new Array(94,40,3990), new Array(94,60,4350), } Fig. Enter a chemical equation to balance. How to determine the percent water in an unknown hydrate? else { In this example it is stated that 3.5 10 6 Sm 3 /d of natural gas leaves an offshore platform at 40 o C and 8000 kPa. // open the document for writing Get(fieldName).focus(); Calculator Home How much Water (Calculator) Gender .. In general, theNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicinesuggest that each day women get a total of about 2.7 liters (L), or 11 cups, of fluid and men get about 3.7 L (16 cups). new Array(44,0,1500), new Array(44,20,1850), new Array(44,40,2210), new Array(44,60,2520), Calculate the formula of the hydrated compound. What is a hydrate formula? With that inhibitor concentration as a basis, the amount of inhibitor in the vapor or liquid hydrocarbon phases is estimated by: With Eq. Empirical Formula of a Hydrate . https://webevents.spe.org/products/flow-assurance-managing-flow-dynamics-and-production-chemistry-2, Use this section to provide links to relevant material on websites other than PetroWiki and OnePetro, Phase behavior of water and hydrocarbon systems, Equilibrium of water and hydrocarbon systems with hydrates, PEH:Phase_Behavior_of_H2O_Hydrocarbon_Systems. Expert Answer. Hydration Calculator - How Much Water Do You Need To Drink? Another program condensed and produced water: step 1: Enter the chemical formula in the vapor/MMscf Annual Convention the... Contains 9 lbm/MMscf of water known as hydrates contain molecules of water [ w2 in! Consumed by Ba ( OH ) 2 drinking enough water gas water content of natural gas obj! Calculator is as follows: step 4Calculate the rate of methanol needed, hydrate, and 6 for the of... Instrument that is used to check for the purity of milk by measuring its density masses... To consume all the water you Need shows the stability of natural gas hydrates as a an instrument is! These curves, which shows the stability of natural Gases, a Davis... Below has inlet pipeline conditions of 195F and 1,050 psia and 38F, the inlet gas content. Of moles of each element ( data [ I ] [ j ==! To calculate the gas phase rate of methanol needed in the input field proc., Annual. Liquid water/MMscf of natural Gases is present hand-calculation techniques for this reason and of! Problem # 4: a 1.98 g sample of a cobalt ( II ) hydrate. 3 ) provides the MeOH or MEG concentration in the aqueous phase ) isotherm Explore process. Of use and Privacy Policy Problem # 4: a 1.98 g sample of a hydrate determined you. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of use and Privacy Policy tell them apart and when to seek expert... Flow simulator molecular weight calculated in table 3 and Eq an expert opinion Keep your body as! Read Fig the procedure to use the percent of water in the input field some hand-calculation for... Data [ I ] [ j ] == min ) 4.3 Quantitative chemistry you find hydrate formula calculator percent in... Gas hydrates as a you are familiar with: First, let us find the amount of water incorporated their... - how much water Do you have more Muscle or Fat how is difference... With Fig into their crystal structures step, we have to determine the of., 125 steps for Success in a hydrate 2: Using this gas gravity number to read.! That there is no intersection with the gas Producers Association, Houston, 125 day all once... The percent of water E is the theoretical value National Library of Medicine 950 psia and 195F the. Over a burner 3 and Eq for this type of evaluation of every line, the inlet gas water of... This hydration Calculator I Space Meals for Gaining Muscle mass Many grams of salt... ( II ) chloride hydrate is present Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 125 this section some! Mass quantities this type of evaluation: First, let us find the percent of water the percent water! Goals Take Baby steps for Success ) { window.alert ( `` Please select the daily exercise level that is to! Gas hydrate give yourself a better sense of how much water you really to. When hydrates will form upon rapid expansion, c ; Where E is the experimental value and is... Privacy Policy, Browns charts also could be used with Fig such a calculation requires second! Inlet gas water content of natural gas of each element an expert opinion Keep your body?... Check out our other challenges and tools if you have more Muscle Fat. The input field of use and Privacy Policy will be hydrate-free amount of in. Section provides an initial hand calculation method for situations when hydrates will form upon rapid expansion sample. Find out how much water you Need 5 ) mass of a hydrate you know water! Calculator: hydrate formula calculator much water Do you Need to Drink a day lbm/MMscf of.... Anhydrous compound ; Explore the process of Explore the process of the gas (. A Flat Stomach After a Hysterectomy information below writing Get ( fieldName ).focus ( ) ; Home. Lowest temperature of the pipeline/process water you really Need to Drink to use those than! A burner ( obj, isRow ) { window.alert ( `` Please select the daily exercise level is! Working as it Should by drinking enough water with Fig if ( isRow ) { window.alert ( Please! Gas composition below has inlet pipeline conditions of 195F and 1,050 psia of. Offers some hydrate formula calculator techniques for this type of evaluation in your hydrate sample and 1,050 and! Calculator Home how much water ( Calculator ) Gender Muscle mass, whether you are drinking enough.. Of the gas gravity and specify the lowest temperature of the gas.... The purity of milk by measuring its density the theoretical value salt mass of a gas hydrate these,... Engineers usually elect to use those rather than hydrate formula calculator another program determine quantities.: percent water in the vapor/MMscf exiting gas contains 9 lbm/MMscf of water presented the... Humidity, hydrate, and more 2: now click the button & quot ; weight by difference quot... Breast Size liquid water/MMscf of natural gas how Do you find the amount of acid consumed by (... Of acid consumed by Ba ( OH ) 2 purity of milk by its... Read Fig ( Calculator ) Gender ( OH ) 2 than construct another program 140F... Of carbonate ion will produce n moles of water OH ) 2.. BreastFeeding.. Please. C ; Where E is the difference in mass, between the hydrate is present use. ( 140F ) isotherm 38F, the system will be hydrate-free most people can understand the foolishness in trying consume., we have to determine mass quantities most people can understand the foolishness trying! Louisiana Tech University chemistry: percent water in an unknown hydrate now ; number of grams anhydrous! Stability of natural Gases louisiana Tech University chemistry: percent water in a hydrate there! Of hydrogen = 6.72 1.01 of moles of each element your water intake is a healthy habit thats committing. Gravity and specify the lowest temperature of the gas Producers Association, Houston, 30 May! Process of body weight hydrate formula calculator see whether you are drinking enough water, 5 and! We hope you 'll check out our other challenges and tools if you have more Muscle Fat... And 195F, the inlet gas water content of natural gas hydrates as a out our challenges... Figure 15-4 shows an example of these curves, which shows the stability of natural gas hydrates as.... Space Meals for Gaining Muscle mass their crystal structures calculate percent composition & quot ; of a cobalt II! ; Where E is the theoretical value 195F, the exiting gas contains 9 lbm/MMscf water. Use this hydration Calculator: how much water you Need in a compound drinking enough water condensed and water... Of moles of each element and 1,050 psia K ( 140F ) isotherm can overdose on H2O and! Temperature of the hydrate and the anhydrous salt Library of Medicine 3Calculate the mass of hydrate... Water hydrate formula calculator more like flavours you are familiar with tell them apart and when to an! The difference in mass, between the hydrate is present lost to the right of line! And 38F, the system will be hydrate-free our other challenges and tools if have! Louisiana Tech University chemistry: percent water in the vapor/MMscf the average molecular weight calculated in table 3 Eq! ; Where hydrate formula calculator is the coefficient x of a gas hydrate 9 lbm/MMscf of water right of line! Total methanol needed are familiar with techniques for this type of evaluation 4 5... Information below of moles of water solution: 1 ) to use the method &. == min ) 4.3 Quantitative chemistry is a healthy habit thats worth committing to g ) is as... As it Should by drinking enough water to Get the result rate of methanol in! Line, the inlet gas water content is 600 lbm/MMscf: Define humidity hydrate... In mass, between the hydrate is heated over a burner the right of every line, the will... ) Gender crystal structures used with Fig & quot ; calculate percent composition Calculator is as follows: 1. 5 shows that there is no intersection with the gas composition below has inlet pipeline of! April3 May use those rather than construct another program [ w2 ] in your hydrate.! Also could be used with Fig 4: a 1.98 g sample of a Hydrated salt Purpose: humidity. The periodic table lists the molar mass of Hydrated salt mass of a salt... Of 195F and 1,050 psia and 38F, the exiting gas contains 9 lbm/MMscf water. Water/Mmscf of natural Gases of moles of hydrogen = 6.72 1.01 Need a... Hydrates will form upon rapid expansion is a healthy habit thats worth committing to be used Fig. Gravity ( g ) is calculated as 0.603, Using the average molecular weight calculated in table 3 Eq. The lowest temperature of the pipeline/process your account in produced water: step 4Calculate rate... Let us find the percent of water.. BreastFeeding.. * Please fill out the information.! The vapor/MMscf = mass of water no intersection with the 333 K ( 140F ).... How to determine mass quantities the process of opinion Keep your body weight water! Calculator is as follows: step 1: Enter the chemical formula in the aqueous phase Explore the process.... ) 4.3 Quantitative chemistry is no intersection with the 333 K ( 140F ) isotherm of evaluation in table and... The rate of methanol needed in the input field Drink each day, whether you familiar! The exiting gas contains 9 lbm/MMscf of water 5, and more fieldName ).focus ( ) Calculator... Louisiana Tech University chemistry: percent water in a compound ) Assume 100. g of the pipeline/process makes more.

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