It is followed, in order, by Germany and the US. That are not having cyber laws. About 60% of the cyber cases registered, end in conviction and prison sentences. Types of cybercrimes. As a result of which, a lot of cyber-crimes either go unreported or simply unconvicted. Approximately 50% are internet user, i.e. 63-FZ on electronic signatures (in English, unofficial translation), Federal Law No. See what organizations are doing to incorporate it today and going forward. 120 of 2012), An Act to implement the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, and for other purposes (in English), Signaturgesetz SigG, BGBl. de la Paix, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, Welcome to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The National ICT Policy and Strategy 2009. Malaysia 4. However, it is also the country with strongest cyber laws in place. 102 of 2000 (in English, unofficial translation), Act on the Protection of Personal Information (in English, unofficial translation), Electronic Transactions Law No. Singapore 2. Cambodia follows Myanmar with a cybersafety score of 2.67, the second-worst overall score in the SEON rankings. ( Law No. According to a research report by Cybersecurity Ventures, the global costs of cybercrime activity may increase by 15 percent annually over the next five years, reaching an estimated damage of $10.5 trillion annually by 2025. From penalties like expulsion to criminal misdemeanor to felony in cyber bullying. But Saravade and Kaspersky both warn that security professionals should expect the subcontinent's malware contribution to grow in coming years. Power to impact world policies and decisions. Moreover, cyber activities are not governed by geographical borders. THREE COUNTRIES Federal Law No. Edge AI offers opportunities for multiple applications. Most cybercriminals commit cybercrimes to make money by targeting individuals. 5792/1999 (in English), Koreas Personal Information Protection Act was promulgated in 2011 as amended (in English), Law on Personal Data 2008 (in English, unofficial transalation), Electronic Transactions Law 2012 (in English, unofficial tranlastion), Elektronisko dokumentu likums (in Latvian), Law on Protection of Personal Data of Natural Persons (in English), Gesetz vom 18. UNCTAD - Palais des Nations, 8-14, Av. Countries that are most at risk should take steps toward regulation and public education, Miller says. If there are no laws then those countries are considered as computer crime havens. (Kaspersky) China is the country with the highest rate of infected computers in the world, which does suggest to a degree that China is primarily the victim, not the perpetrator of cybercrime. Cybersecurity for internet users is strongest in Denmark, where people are protected from cybercrime through both legislation and technology, according to the SEON ranking. The Evolution of Acting, Performance Capture and Andy Serkis, Christopher Nolan and the Art of Leaving a Cinematic Legacy Behind, Tharki Songs From The 90s When Bollywood Went Bonkers. All fields are required. Half of countries do not have a formal cybersecurity strategy in place, according to a new report from the UNs International Telecommunication Union. Cybercrime Law is a solution to resolve illegal activities in using computer and internet. *The world is on the internet. Virtually all organizations today have an online component, so cybersecurity laws apply to nearly every business. 6563 (in Turkish), Law on Electronic Documents (in English, unofficial translation), Electronic Signatures Act, 2011 (in English), The Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019 (in English), On the electronic digital signature No. 76% of this includes pornography and cost the nation approximately 6.5 million dollars in 2016. However, these crimes have slowly been on the rise through the years. Namibia is one of the most targeted countries in Africa by cyber criminals, but it currently has no laws covering cybercrime, electronic evidence and protection of personal data. We then added an extra point for each regulatory category that this covered, thereby including the coverage of legislation as a part of the scoring process. The public and private sectors will need to come together on solutions and shared intelligence for the purpose of early detection and rapid mitigation in order to stay ahead of bad actors. From a penalty of maximum two-year imprisonment or 250-000-500,000 AED (Arab Emirates Dirham) for the basic crime of cyber stalking and harassment. The ICT policy recognizes, among other things, the need for the promotion of cyber security and the resilience of network infrastructures. Aiding in computer misuses, such as supplying information. Or in lay man language, for viruses. Singapore and the US top the list of countries with the greatest commitment to cybersecurity. There are seven billion people in this world. Welcome to Rajendra Cyber Crime Law Firm! 5 4 3 2 1 37 4. However, capabilities and national priorities vary across member states, creating a marked disparity in cybercrime laws and enforcement. However, most other countries are lacking in their approach to cybercrime, hacking, and more. For example, Germany, Japan, and China, have amended the relevant provisions of their criminal code to combat cybercrime. Cambodia performs marginally better than Myanmar in every metric other than the Global Cybersecurity Index. Above and beyond these laws, USA has established strict definitions and punishments for cyber crimes. Read more to explore your options. 357-Z of 10 January 2000 (in Russian), Law Of The Republic Of Belarus On Information, Informatization and Protection of information Law no. Cybercrime is expected to impose damage of up to $10.5 trillion annually by 2025. It has been the top affected country of the world in terms of internet related crimes with 23% of world cyber crime rate. This is a Cyber Crime Criminal Law office offering all in all Legal services for Cybercrime Litigation in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 1 The number was similar in 2012 (9.2%), and in that year the FBI reports that there were 1.5 million drug . The cyber crime rate in Saudi Arabia is relatively low as compared to the world. 151 of 2004 (in Dutch, Lag (2000:832) om kvalificerade elektroniska signaturer (in Swedish), Zertifizierungsdienste im Bereich der elektronischen Signatur ZertEs (in German), Federal Act on Data Protection, 1992 (in English), The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Law on Electronic Commerce 2007 (in English), Law on Personal Data Protection (in English, unofficial translation), Electronic Transactions Act, No. The "cybercrime law" that Egypt's President Sisi signed on 18 August legalizes and reinforces the existing censorship and blocking of websites and criminalizes both those who operate sites and those who use them, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) said. Register for your free TechRepublic membership or if you are already a member, sign in using your preferred method below. Invalid email/username and password combination supplied. Terms and Conditions for TechRepublic Premium. Gone are the days of standing in lines to pay your bills. Kyle Taylor Founder at The Penny Hoarder (2010-present) Updated Jul 22 Promoted Should you leave more than $1,000 in a checking account? You have a piece of paper with great intentions and no teeth, Miller added. Effort #7: EU's NIS Directive (EU) Effort #8: EU's GDPR (EU) Effort #9: EU's Regulation Against Geo-IP-based blocking of EU member countries or economies (EU) Effort #10: Growth of Country Specific Cybersecurity Laws such as Korean Cyber Laws (KOREA) Each of these efforts has taken different approaches but seem to have similar ethos. To come up with its overall ranking, SEON also took into account the Cybersecurity Exposure Index (CEI) 2020, which measures how at-risk internet users are in each country. To improve the act, The National Information Infrastructure Protection Act (NIIA) was introduced. In enterprises, IT can choose when to roll those out. Bahrain announced the start of control of social . The evolving cybercrime landscape and resulting skills gaps are a significant challenge for law enforcement agencies and prosecutors, especially for cross-border enforcement. To lifelong imprisonment for cyber terrorism. China has always set the precedent in cyber laws. 53-05 on Electronic Exchange of Legal Data (in French), Electronic Transactions Law The State Peace and Development Council Law No. 63, is a law of Kuwait concerning various computer-related crimes. The nation has very clearly defined each offense as well as the penalty associated with each. In order for the Convention to enter into effect, 15 countries must ratify it. The "Anti-Cyber Crime Law" in the Sultanate of Oman was issued in the first quarter of 2011, under Royal Decree 12 /2011. To a fine of up to ten lakh rupees and up to five years in prison for creating and sharing child pornography. Royal Decree No 12/2011 issuing the Cyber Crime Law (a) Law No. The country scored poorly across the board, especially in terms of legislation, as hardly any has been enacted to put barriers in the way of cybercriminals. 3. Analysis of the cybercrime laws of the GCC countries shows two main areas where these laws depart from international practice on cybercrime legislation. This checklist from TechRepublic Premium includes: an introduction to data governance, a data governance checklist and how to manage a data governance checklist. 851-IV of 22 May 2003 (in Ukranian), Law on Personal Data Protection 2011 (in English), Federal Law no. The company then took data from a similar ranking, the Global Cybersecurity Index 2020, which also ranked countries based on their respective cybersecurity practices. 60 of 2014 concerning Information Technology Crimes (in Arabic), The Information and Communication Technology Act, 2006 (in English), Electronic Transactions Act, 2001 (in English), Computer Misuse Act of 2005 CMA (in English), Law on Electronic Documents No. 28/2001 um rafrnar umdirskriftir (in Icelandic), Law on the Protection and Processing of Personal Data 1989 (in English), Information Technology Act 2000 (in English), Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2008 Concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (in English and Indonesian), Electronic Commerce Act 2004 (in English), Electronic Commerce Act 2004 (in Persian), Law 71063 on Computer Crimes (in Persian), Electronic Commerce Act, 2000 (in English), Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001 (in English), Electronic Signature Law, 5761-2001 (in English, unofficial translation), Decreto Legislativo 7 marzo 2005, n. 82 Codice dellamministrazione digitale (in Italian), Electronic Transactions Act No 15 of 2006 (in English), Law Concerning Electronic Signatures and Certification Services, Law No. 4 A 2013 United . Abstract This article reviews the international impetus of criminal law reform in combating cybercrime. To penalty of six to twenty years prison time for hacking and damage to computer properties. 540, supplement of the year Forty-Two, dated 26 . The Consumer Code and the Internet Act. Only 38% of countries have a published cybersecurity strategy, and just 12% are in the process of developing one, according to a new report from the United Nations (UN). Introduction. United States 3. This marks the second time such a report has been released, the ITU noted. 32 (bis) (c), 14 Aug. 2018 (in Arabic).) USA has quite a stronghold on cyber laws. If a government is truly serious about addressing threats, partnerships will be key, Miller says. chapter 2: cybercrime laws in arab countries cybercrime laws in jordan, egypt and the united arab emirates jordan examples of cybercrime penalties jordan egypt the united arab emirates an overview of legislation governing cybercrime in arab countries palestine kuwait bahrain saudi arabia sultanate of oman qatar sudan syria algeria mauritania 188(I)/2004 (in English, unofficial translation), The Processing of Personal Data (Protection of the Individual) Law (in English), Zkon . The scores from all of these factors were converted into a single, equally-weighted score out of 10, says Gergo Varga, author of the report. 63 of 2015 on Combating Information Technology Crimes, known as Cybercrime Law No. The Formidable Implications Of The US-Iran Situation, CAA Is Becoming The Uncontrolled Wildfire That Might Burn BJP Out Of Governance, Happy: As Uncomfortable As It Does Not Sound, A Heartfelt Note For Sushant Singh Rajput, Angrezi Medium Review: Irrfan Is Back With A Bang, 7 Digital Trends That Have Transformed The Tech Industry In The Last Decade. Previous work within the project has explored the impact of GCC cybercrime laws on the economy, in particular on the digital economy and on the future and security of the smart infrastructures.3 This paper examines the impact of cybercrime laws in the GCC with a focus on civil liberties, notably on freedom of expression online. Cyber Law/Internet Law. and civil liberties. 2022 TechnologyAdvice. Under article 7 of this law, Egypt's authorities can now legally block access to any . While global statistics on cybercrime are difficult to ascertain, the data that is available tells us that cybercrime appears to be increasingly pervasive with the costs of attacks growing exponentially. However, Honduras does perform twice as well as Myanmar and Cambodia in terms of anti-cybercrime legislation. And each country has their own cyber law tackling with their cyber crimes. The latest in Chinas law is the Cybersecurity Law that came into effect this June. The emergence of EU criminal law: Cyber crime and the regulation of the information society. Article 14 states simply that: "Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish the powers and procedures provided for in this section for the purpose of specific . This leaves the average citizen exposed to tremendous risk. The governing text of the law is in Arabic and the . Different types of cybercrimes take place. The role of cybercrime law . But the list will certainly include the US, Russia, China, Israel, Iran, UK, North Korea: Who are the cyberwar superpowers? Other countries that made it to the top 10 of most secure countries were, in order of ranking, Norway, the UK, Canada, Sweden, Australia, Japan and Netherlands. M/17 on 26th March, 2007. The following are some of the countries. While 156 countries (80 per cent) have enacted cybercrime legislation, the pattern varies by region: Europe has the highest adoption rate (91 per cent) and Africa the lowest (72 per cent). 772 (in English), Data Protection Act (Act No. There are similarities among these countries. Cybercrime Legislation Worldwide Cybercrime is a growing concern to countries at all levels of developments and affects both, buyers and sellers. 2 of 2006 was issued, followed the UAE Law on "Combating Cyber Crimes The "the . Ley No. However, the act did not include a provision for intentional harming of devices by using malicious code. Cybercrime 2025 - agreeing a vision for the future First, the community needs to agree what is important in the near future, focus on a shared vision of that future, and establish a real dialogue on how to build towards it. She was previously a senior editor at CNET's sister site TechRepublic. Article Egypt: President Ratifies Anti-Cybercrime Law (Oct. 5, 2018) In August 2018, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi ratified Law No. SEON combined data from a variety of cybersecurity indices and indicators to come up with a global ranking of countries that are least and most at risk of cybercrime. Cameroon, in central Africa, adopted cybercrime legislation in 2010, but has yet to introduce a specific data protection law, says Danielle Moukouri, managing partner at D.Moukouri and. As per the criminal law, acts like hacking, sabotaging data or creating and propagating digital viruses lead to a minimum of three years imprisonment. The law was criticised by several international human rights organizations for its perceived limitations on freedom of expression and freedom of the press But as Uncle Benjamin Parker wisely said, With great power comes great responsibility. The internet too, with its power, brings responsibilities. 1. The Internet has immense power. All rights reserved. Cybercrime is a growing concern to countries at all levels of developments and affects both, buyers and sellers. So far 8 countries have signed, but not ratified, the Convention: Benin, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Congo, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Sao Tome and Principe, and Zambia. And the number just keeps increasing exponentially. 61/2006 (in Slovenian), Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002 (in English), Ley 59/2003, de 19 de diciembre, de firma electrnican (in Spanish), Organic Law 15/1999 on Personal Data Protection (in Spanish), Organic Law 15/1999 on Personal Data Protection (in English, unofficial translation), Law 25/2007 on data retention (in Spanish), Electronic Transactions Act, No 19 of 2006 (in English), Payment Devices Frauds Act 2006 (in English), Computer Crime Act No 24 2007 (in English), Electronic Transactions Act, 2007 (in English), The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname, Article 17 (in English), Telecommunications Act No. Littlejohn Shinder, Michael Cross, in Scene of the Cybercrime (Second Edition), 2008. 28 of 2002 with respect to Electronic Transactions (in English), Law No. 149-FZ Information, Information Technologies and Protection of Information (in English), Federal Law Regarding Personal Data 2006 (in English), Law No. 2013-451 du juin 2013 relative a la lutte contre la cybercriminalite, Electronic Signature Act (in English, provisional translation), Act on Personal Data Protection (in English), Resolucin 49/2001 del Ministro de la Informtica y las Comunicaciones (in Spanish), Proyecto el nuevo Cdigo Penal (in Spanish), Law on the Legal Framework for Electronic Signatures and Associated Matters of 2004, Law No. The index measured the commitment of the ITU's 193 member nations to cybersecurity. 10175, [1] often known as the "Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012," which addresses all types of cybercrime committed against and by means of computer system on September 12, 2012. Cybercrime Law is a protection of an individual against the person who committed a crime involving the internet and the computer. Cybercrime Laws in Different Countries Cybercrime and its Categories Cybercrime is a criminal act whose platform is a computer and a network. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site. 6. 85 of 2001 (in English), Information Systems Crime Law no 30 of 2010 (in Arabic), Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Electronic Document and Digital Signature, No. Complementary cybersecurity and law enforcement capabilities are critical to safeguarding and securing cyberspace. Find out more about iPadOS 16, supported devices, release dates and key features with our cheat sheet. Copyright 2021 IDG Communications, Inc. This document helps make sure that you address data governance practices for an efficient, comprehensive approach to data management. That's 9.4% of the population. At the top of the ranking for most cybersecure countries, Denmark secured an overall cybersafety score of 8.91, doing particularly well on the Cybersecurity Exposure Index, where it scored just 0.117. 98/2004 (in Slovenian), Zakon o elektronskem poslovanju na trgu, Uradni list Republike Slovenije t. USA has quite a stronghold on cyber laws. Where are you?*. The Congress of the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 5 4 3 2 1 3. However, these crimes have slowly been on the rise through the years. CYBER TERRORISM IN MOBILE ECOSYSTEM A LEGAL VIEWPOINT, INDIAN DIGITAL LAW 12 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN MOBILE ECOSYSTEM A LEGAL VIEW, LAW RELATING TO IPADS, TABLETS, SMART PHONES AND SMART DEVICES, LAW RELATING TO SENSITIVE PERSONAL INFORMATION IN INDIA, Legal Framework on Electronic Commerce & IPR in Cyberspace, TELECOM SERVICE PROVIDERS AND THEIR LEGAL LIABILITY AN INDIAN OVERVIEW, GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION REGULATION BILL, 2016, INTERACTIVE PANEL DISCUSSION ON GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION (GDPR) - AN INDIAN CORPORATE PERSPECTIVE, INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON CYBER SECURITY LAW, ROUND TABLE ON CYBERLAW, CYBERCRIME & CYBERSECURITY, Round Table on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime & Cybersecurity (1), Round Table on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime & Cybersecurity (2), ROUND TABLE ON CYBERLAW, CYBERCRIME & CYBERSECURITY, 2017, UNCTAD ECOMMERCE WEEK ROUND TABLE ON CYBERLAW, CYBERCRIME & CYBERSECURITY, Llei 20/2014, del 16 d.octubre, reguladora de la contractacio electronica i dels operadors que desenvolupen la seva activitat economica en un espai digital, vi XXXV. This chapter will review the development of cybercrime law in the Northeast Asia countries including China (including Hong Kong), Japan, Korea, and Taiwan and the ten ASEAN member states and compare the laws with the Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention). 9887 on the Protection of Personal Data (in English) Law 9880 of 25/02/2008 on Electronic Signatures (in English, official translation) Algeria February 26, 2020 Interdisciplinary Study of the Law 6 comments 3 min read . These are classified in the law into six main categories including: 1- Cybercrimes; 2- Cyber-enabled crimes; 3- Breach of personal privacy; 4- Crimes committed by a website manager; 5- Service Providers non-compliance (stated below); 6- Selling, obtaining, importing, or manufacturing of . Phishing and pharming refer to the fraudulent practice of luring people into revealing personal information, such as passwords, login details and credit card numbers. Estonia 6.. KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA The cyber crime rate in Saudi Arabia is relatively low as compared to the world. By clicking continue, you agree to these updated terms. 69 of 2008 (in English), Ley 4017/2010 Validez Jurdica de la Firma Electrnica, Firma Digital, los Mensajes de Datos y Expediente Electrnico (in Spanish), Ley 1682/2001 Reglamenta la Informacion de Caracter Privado (in Spanish), Cdigo Penal 1160/1997 y la ley que lo modifica y ampla ley 4439/2011 (in Portuguese), Law 27269 of 2000 Law on Digital Signatures and Certification (in Spanish), Ley N 29733 Ley de Proteccin de Datos Personales (in Spanish), Ley N 30096 y 30171 Ley de Delitos Informticos (in Spanish), Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (in English), Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (in English), Ustawa z dnia 18 wrzenia 2001 r. o podpisie, Act on the Protection of Personal Data 1997 (in English), Decreto-lei no. And the alleged notorious involvement of Russia in the US presidential elections in terms of politics. Types of Cybercrime Modifying, removing, or ransoming data. A total of 23 cybercrimes are punishable under the Law. Ensuring international compatibility of e-transaction laws remains a challenge 18 of 2007 (in English), Law No. However, it also has only one strong law in place to tackle them. It came into effect on 12 January 2016. Cybercrime is evolving, and new trends are emerging all the time. (14) of 2014 Promulgating the Cybercrime Prevention Law (b) Anti-Cyber Crime Law, Royal Decree No. The relatively overall high rank for US was due in part to its first place score in the Global Cybersecurity Index, while also ranking well in terms of overall cybersecurity exposure and strong legislation. The national cyber laws of different countries are detailed as under:-, Law No. Cyberthreats differ widely, with internet users in some countries at much higher risk than those in nations that offer more security due to strong cybercrime legislation and widely implemented cybersecurity programs, according to fraud-detection software company SEON. The United Arab Emirates was the first Arab country to issue a special law on combating information technology crimes, when Federal Law No. 3.5 billion people on the internet. Cyber Law - An exhaustive section wise Commentary on The Information Technology Act along with Rules, Regulations, Policies, Notifications etc. Building a cybercrime case is a complicated process, more so than is true for some other types of criminal cases. Copyright 2022 IDG Communications, Inc. CSO provides news, analysis and research on security and risk management, Defending quantum-based data with quantum-level security: a UK trial looks to the future, How GDPR has inspired a global arms race on privacy regulations, The state of privacy regulations across Asia, Lessons learned from 2021 network security events, Your Microsoft network is only as secure as your oldest server, How CISOs can drive the security narrative, Malware variability explained: Changing behavior for stealth and persistence, Microsoft announces new security, privacy features at Ignite, Top cybersecurity statistics, trends, and facts, Australia targets ransomware with new national plan, Sponsored item title goes here as designed, How ransomware runs the underground economy, NCSC head champions UK-Israeli cyber relationship amid spyware accusations, The 10 most powerful cybersecurity companies, 7 hot cybersecurity trends (and 2 going cold), The Apache Log4j vulnerabilities: A timeline, Using the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to address organizational risk, 11 penetration testing tools the pros use. Law enforcement performs an essential role in achieving our nation's cybersecurity objectives by investigating a wide range of cyber crimes, from theft and fraud to child exploitation, and apprehending and prosecuting those . For example, the "I Love You" virus which was created by Onel de Guzman and caused . The laws that India has in place are quite strict but there are still a lot of loopholes to cover. While this is a new territory for both the offenders and victims, the world cyber laws still have a long way to go. However, the crimes that are covered are limited in scope hence a very minimum number of cases have been successfully prosecuted. This is a newer legal area. To really dig into why some countries may be at higher risk than others, resources and the wealth of targets need to be considered, Constellation Research's Miller said. 227/2000 Sb., o elektronickm podpisu a o zmn nkterch dalch zkon (zkon o elektronickm podpisu) (in Czech), Law on Personal Data Protection (in English), Law on Personal Data Protection (in Czech), Lov om elektroniske signaturer Nr. As the global community rapidly embraces ICTs as key enabler for social and economic development, it is vital that cybersecurity is made an integral and indivisible part of the digital transformation, said Brahima Sanou, director of the ITUs Telecommunication Development Bureau, in the press release. And so have our problems. This hiring kit provides a customizable framework your business can use to find, recruit and ultimately hire the right person for the job. RT I 2000, 26, 150 justunud 15. detsembril 2000 (in Estonian), Tsiviilseadustiku ldosa seadus Vastu vetud 27. mrtsil 2002. a RT I 2002, 35, 216 justunud 1. juulil 2002 (in Estonian), Electronic Transactions Promulgation 2008 (in English), Crimes Decree 2009 Division 6 on Computer Offences Ss 336 346 (in English), Laki vahvasta shkisest tunnistamisesta ja shkisist allekirjoituksista, 7.8.2009/617 (in Finnish), Laki vahvasta shkisest tunnistamisesta ja shkisist allekirjoituksista, 7.8.2009/617 (in English, unofficial translation), Personal Data Act (in English, unofficial translation), Loi No 2000-230 du 13 mars 2000 portant adaptation du droit de la preuve aux technologies de linformation et relative la signature lectronique (in French), Dcret no 2001-272 du mars 30, 2001 pris pour lapplication de larticle 1316-4 du code civil relatif la signature lectronique (in French), Law relating to the protection of individuals against the processing of personal data (in English), Loi 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 relative linformatique, aux fichiers et aux liberts modifie (in French), Loi n001/2011 relative la protection des donnes , Information and Communications Act No. Examples of these cybercrimes are defamation, forgery, mischief, theft, and fraud that are . 18 of 2010 (in English, French and Kinyarwanda), Electronic Transactions Act 2011 (in English), Electronics Crimes (Amendment) Bill 2012 (in English, Electronic Transactions Act 2007 (in English), Electronic Transactions Act 2008 (in English), The Telecommunication Act No 20/2005 lately amended in 2008 (in English), Legge 20 luglio 2005, n. 115 sul documento informatico e la firma elettronica (in Italian), Legge 29 maggio 2013 n.58 Legge sulluso delle comunicazioni elettroniche e delle-commerce (in Italian), Electronic Transactions Law No. 190/1999 (in Dutch), Law on Digital Electronic Signature 2004 (in English), Law on Personal Data 2010 (in Azerbaijani), The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act (in English), Data Protection (Privacy of Personal Information) Act 2003 (in English), Computer Misuse Act 2003, Sections 9, 1, 12 (in English), Legislative Decree no.

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