From 1999 to 2010, he also hosted Search the Scriptures Daily radio ministry alongside T.A. There is no concern for spiritual matters apart from ones physical and communal life. ", Blessed Macarius said, "This is the truth, if a monk regards contempt as praise, poverty as riches, and hunger as a feast, he will never die. The Relation of the Old and New Testaments, The Self Attestation of Scripture and Internal Witness of the Holy Spirit, Interpreting Scripture: A General Introduction, Mysticism, Rationalism, and Divine Revelation, Biblical Authority and the Christian Tradition, The Rise of Biblical Criticism in the Enlightenment, The Relationship between Israel and the Church, The Role of the Elder, Bishop, and Pastor, The Value and Role of Creeds and Confessions, Visible Things: Their Origin, Nature, and Purpose, Evangelical Interpretations of Genesis 1-2, Personhood and the Challenge of Naturalism, The Resurrection of Christ and the Age to Come. Accordingly, the title has been interpreted as "the word of God" by the theistic schools, "the words of the Lord", "the Divine Song", and "Celestial Song" by others. Chester: Wiley-Blackwell. "The charm of naturalism". [19] The prayer's origin is also traced back to the Desert Fathersthe Prayer of the Heart was found inscribed in the ruins of a cell from that period in the Egyptian desert. "Spirituality" began to denote the mental aspect of life, as opposed to the material and sensual aspects of life, "the ecclesiastical sphere of light against the dark world of matter". it effectively amounts to saying "everything and anything that is good and virtuous is necessarily spiritual"). [web 3], There is no single, widely agreed-upon definition of spirituality. [110] [105][106][107] and which must be seen with 'the inward eye', or the 'heart', of a human being.[108]. The Water Keeper (A Murphy Shepherd Novel Book 1), Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2022, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. "[75] It is an important concept in Buddhist praxis (Patipatti). [8], Pachomius also formalized the establishment of an abba (father) or amma (mother) in charge of the spiritual welfare of their monks and nuns, with the implication that those joining the monastery were also joining a new family. Kabbalah is a set of esoteric teachings meant to explain the relationship between an unchanging, eternal and mysterious Ein Sof (no end) and the mortal and finite universe (his creation). Modern spirituality centers on the "deepest values and meanings by which people live". Each of the major religious orders of the Catholic Church and other lay groupings have their own unique spirituality its own way of approaching God in prayer and in living out the Gospel. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. In A Woman Rides the Beast, he identified the Roman Catholic Church as the Whore of Babylon from the prophecies in chapters 17 and 18 of the Book of Revelation. He said to the messenger, 'Do not blaspheme. McMahon. Laszlo, Ervin, "CosMos:A Co-creator's Guide to the Whole World", Hay House, Inc, 2008. The Musar movement, first founded in the 19th century by Israel Salanter and developed in the 21st century by Alan Morinis and Ira F. Stone, has encouraged spiritual practices of Jewish meditation, Jewish prayer, Jewish ethics, tzedakah, teshuvah, and the study of musar (ethical) literature. All practices aim at purifying ego-centeredness, and direct the abilities at the divine reality. When used on its own bhavana signifies 'spiritual cultivation' generally. [70] Alternatively, in the words of the Darqawi Sufi teacher Ahmad ibn Ajiba, "a science through which one can know how to travel into the presence of the Divine, purify one's inner self from filth, and beautify it with a variety of praiseworthy traits".[71]. D'Aquili, E.G., & Newberg, A.B. Hinduism has no traditional ecclesiastical order, no centralized religious authorities, no governing body, no prophet(s) nor any binding holy book; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, pantheistic, monistic, or atheistic. The term was used within early Christianity to refer to a life oriented toward the Holy Spirit[6] and broadened during the Late Middle Ages to include mental aspects of life. The essence of the doctrine of the Incarnation is that the preexistent Word has been embodied in the man Jesus of Nazareth, who is presented in the Gospel According to John as being in close personal union with the Father, whose words Jesus is speaking when he preaches the gospel. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? In India, its Sanskrit name is often written as Shrimad Bhagavad 01, Good Boundaries and Goodbyes: Loving Others Without Losing the Best of Who You Are, The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment, 101 Essays That Will Change The Way You Think, The Ruin of All Witches: Life and Death in the New World, The Green Ember (The Green Ember Series Book 1), Bedlam Moon: A Why Choose, Paranormal Romance, Acceptable Risk (Danger Never Sleeps Book #2). [17][bettersourceneeded], William James in his study of The Varieties of Religious Experience makes a distinction early in this lecture series that there exists "one great partition which divides the religious field. Necini, P., & Grant, K.A. Patterson's collection begins on the walls of the stairway to his basement. Latin versions of the original Greek stories and sayings of the Desert Fathers, along with the earliest monastic rules coming out of the desert, guided the early monastic development in the Byzantine world and eventually in the western Christian world. One was the austere life of the hermit, as practiced by Anthony and his followers in lower Egypt. Contemporary proponents of spirituality may suggest that spirituality develops inner peace and forms a foundation for happiness. between higher and lower forms of spirituality[citation needed]: "A spiritual man is one who is Christian 'more abundantly and deeper than others'. [95] The Hare Krishna school emphasizes bhakti yoga as spiritual practice. Shaping a Christian Worldview: An Introduction (Part I) Rather, because men and women are created in the image of God, they possess rationality, morality, spirituality, personality, and the ability to relate to God and other humans, while rightly exercising dominion over the earth and the animals (see Gen. 1:26-28; Ps. [32] It has been influential on modernist streams in several Asian religions, notably Neo-Vedanta, the revival of Theravada Buddhism, and Buddhist modernism, which have taken over modern western notions of personal experience and universalism and integrated them in their religious concepts. In Dutch: "de hemelse lichtsfeer tegenover de duistere wereld van de materie". Hasidism often emphasizes the Immanent Divine presence and focuses on emotion, fervour, and the figure of the Tzadik. gave an "Expressions of Spirituality Inventory" (ESI-R) measuring five dimensions of spirituality to over 4000 persons across eight countries. (. In sum, spirituality may not be the "active ingredient" (i.e., past association with psychological well-being measures might reflect a reverse causation or effects from other variables that correlate with spirituality),[118][166][167][168][169][170][171] and that the effects of agreeableness, conscientiousness, or virtue personality traits common in many non-spiritual people yet known to be slightly more common among the spiritual may better account for spirituality's apparent correlation with mental health and social support.[118][172][173][174][175]. Lewis Signature Classics), Tuesdays with Morrie: An Old Man, a Young Man, and Life's Greatest Lesson, 25th Anniversary Edition, Resilient: Restoring Your Weary Soul in These Turbulent Times, The Holy Word for Morning Revival - Crystallization-study of 1 and 2 Kings, Vol. In Tantric school for example, the spiritual practice has been referred to as sdhan. (1987), The Nature of Faith in the akaran Vednta Tradition, Numen, 34(1), pp. This collection contains about a thousand items.[30]. Evidence for Two Independent Dispositions", "Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience", "The Rhetoric of Experience and the Study of Religion", "Hu Shih: Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in China. David Carpenter, Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen (2010), Volume II, Brill. [14] Among the notable Desert Fathers and Mothers with sayings in the book, in addition to Anthony the Great, were Arsenius the Great, Poemen, Macarius of Egypt, Moses the Black, and Syncletica of Alexandria.[15]. [9], Dave Hunt regularly spoke on Bible prophecy, including his book A Cup of Trembling which warned against the then-current peace process.[10]. Get Word of the Day delivered to your inbox! The Sayings of the Desert Fathers was also widely read in the early Benedictine monasteries. All of the monastic revivals of the Middle Ages looked to the desert for inspiration and guidance. [7] They instead focused their energies on praying, singing psalms, fasting, giving alms to the needy, and preserving love and harmony with one another while keeping their thoughts and desires for God alone. [6] When members of the church began finding ways to work with the Roman state, the Desert Fathers saw that as a compromise between "the things of God and the things of Caesar." It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops via local synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the head of the Roman Catholic The divine can be found, according to William James, in spiritual spaces without a Godhead, such as "Buddhism", for instance, and he even claims that this notion of divinity is found in "modern transcendental idealism" and in what he terms "Emmersonianism", both of which "seem to let God evaporate into abstract Ideality. The study results and interpretation highlighted the complexity and challenges of measurement of spirituality cross-culturally. austere stresses absence of warmth, color, or feeling and may apply to rigorous restraint, simplicity, or self-denial. [22], The words hesychast and hesychia were frequently used in 4th and 5th century writings of Desert Fathers such as Macarius of Egypt, Evagrius Ponticus, and Gregory of Nyssa. pp. Some Islamic scholars dispute the authenticity of this reference and consider the meaning of jihad as a holy war to be more important. [24][note 3] In the 13th century "spirituality" acquired a social and psychological meaning. [127][128] Important early-20th century Western writers who studied the phenomenon of spirituality, and their works, include William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) and Rudolph Otto, especially The Idea of the Holy (1917), James' notions of "spiritual experience" had a further influence on the modernist streams in Asian traditions, making them even further recognisable for a western audience. Many scholars of religion, of whom William James was the most influential, adopted the concept.[129]. [91] In the practice of Hinduism, suggest modern era scholars such as Vivekananda, the choice between the paths is up to the individual and a person's proclivities. Spiritual. And I would challenge anybody.you know the more they get downwhen we discovered electron microscopes and we got down to the molecular level of life, we found that it was far more complex than Darwin realized.[8]. As you may know, apologetics is the intelligent presentation and defense of the historical Christian faith. 1844, This page was last edited on 4 November 2022, at 03:52. In Dutch: "de kerkelijke tegenover de tijdelijke goederen, het kerkelijk tegenover het wereldlijk gezag, de geestelijke stand tegenover de lekenstand". [101] According to the 9th Sikh Guru, Tegh Bahadhur, the ideal Sikh should have both Shakti (power that resides in the temporal), and Bhakti (spiritual meditative qualities). Paul Heelas noted the development within New Age circles of what he called "seminar spirituality":[41] structured offerings complementing consumer choice with spiritual options. spirituality is considered a belief system that guides the welfare of society and the people therein, and eradicates sources of unhappiness occasioned by evil. Each person is "a living creed of his religion." [24] Hesychasm can refer to inner or outer stillness, though in The Sayings of the Desert Fathers it referred to inner tranquility. '", Abbot Pastor, "If someone does evil to you, you should do good to him, so that by your good work you may drive out his malice. The collection now known as the Systematic Collection began to emerge a century later (AD500), and features sayings from the Alphabetic Collection and the Anonymous Sayings, combined and systematically ordered under twenty-one chapters. Other notable Desert Fathers include Pachomius, Abba Or, and Shenouda the Archimandrite, and many individuals who spent part of their lives in the Egyptian desert, including Athanasius of Alexandria, John Chrysostom, Evagrius Ponticus, and Hilarion. Schleiermacher used the idea of "religious experience" to defend religion against the growing scientific and secular critique. Twitter Facebook WhatsApp. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, an 11th-century Islamic scholar, referenced a statement by the companion of Muhammad, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah: The Prophet returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad the striving of a servant (of Allah) against his desires (holy war). [126], Spiritual experiences play a central role in modern spirituality. Worship and serve Allah as you are seeing Him and while you see Him not yet truly He sees you. John Calvin, French Jean Calvin or Jean Cauvin, (born July 10, 1509, Noyon, Picardy, Francedied May 27, 1564, Geneva, Switzerland), theologian and ecclesiastical statesman. Those who left for the desert formed an alternate Christian society, at a time when it was no longer a risk to be a Christian. It was in the 19th century that relationship between science and religion became an actual formal topic of discourse, while before this no one had pitted Christian mysticism refers to the development of mystical practices and theory within Christianity. This literary movement was driven by a conscious It has become the largest of the worlds religions and, geographically, the most widely diffused of all faiths. When I thought of the one publisher I wanted to work with to make my baby sparkle like the diamond she isthere was only one contender for me. [193], For the belief in being able to contact the dead, see, Three of four paths of spirituality in Hinduism, Development of the meaning of spirituality, Classical, medieval and early modern periods, Transcendentalism and Unitarian Universalism, Theosophy, anthroposophy, and the perennial philosophy, Spiritual care in health care professions. Understanding Christian Spirituality. Meeting Introduction Slides; Example Zoom Run Sheet; Chapter Zoom Guidebook; Chapter Handbook; RESOURCES . price $ 1. Fehring, R.J., Miller, J.F., Shaw, C. (1997). '", When one desert father told another of his plans to "shut himself into his cell and refuse the face of men, that he might perfect himself," the second monk replied," Unless thou first amend thy life going to and fro amongst men, thou shall not avail to amend it dwelling alone. Authors such as Chris Griscom and Shirley MacLaine explored it in numerous ways in their books. Catholic spirituality is the spiritual practice of living out a personal act of faith (fides qua creditur) following the acceptance of faith (fides quae creditur). The union of the two natures has been viewed by theologians as a gift for other humans, both in terms of its benefit for their redemption from sin and in terms of the appreciation of the potential goodness inherent in human activity that can be derived from the doctrine of the Incarnation. This collection contains about 1200 items and therefore does not completely combine the two older collections. Somatic practices, especially deprivation and diminishment. [3] Sometime around AD270, Anthony heard a Sunday sermon stating that perfection could be achieved by selling all of one's possessions, giving the proceeds to the poor, and following Jesus. His servants, on their return, stood outside his cell and heard him praying to God in these words, 'O God, do not leave me. [12][13][15][16], Bergomi detects "an enlightened form of non-religious spirituality" in late antiquity. I'm FINALLY working with Blue Box Press! [25][note 4] Psychologically, it denoted the realm of the inner life: "the purity of motives, affections, intentions, inner dispositions, the psychology of the spiritual life, the analysis of the feelings". Contemporary Challenges to Eternal Punishment, The Immutability and Impassibility of God, The Omnipotence, Omniscience, and Omnipresence of God, Divine Revelation: God Making Himself Known, Divine Incomprehensibility and the Knowledge of God, The Miraculous Gifts and the Question of Cessationism, The Witness of the Holy Spirit to Our Sonship, The Incarnation and Two Natures of Christ, Christ as Mediator: The Offices of Christ, Answering the Quests for the Historical Jesus, Christological Controversies in the Early Church, The Battle of the Will, Part 1: Pelagius and Augustine, The Battle of the Will, Part 2: Luther and Erasmus, The Battle of the Will, Part 3: Arminianism and the Synod of Dort, The Battle of the Will, Part 4: John Wesley and Jonathan Edwards. Bertrand Russell, Jean-Paul Sartre) who clearly value the non-material, communal, and virtuous aspects of life reject this usage of the term "spirituality" as being overly-broad (i.e. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "deepest values and meanings by which people live", Relationship between religion and science, "Spiritual but Not Religious: The Vital Interplay between Submission and Freedom", "Viewpoint: The Limitations of Being 'Spiritual but Not Religious', "Rhys Davids & Stede (192125), p. 503, entry for "Bhvan," retrieved 9 December 2008 from University Chicago", Monier-Williams (1899), p. 755, see "Bhvana" and "Bhvan," retrieved 9 December 2008 from University of Cologne, "Pilgrimages to the Self: Exploring the Topography of Western Consumer Spirituality through 'the Journey', "Religiousness as a cultural adaptation of basic traits: A five-factor model perspective", "Cross-cultural variations in Big Five relationships with religiosity: A sociocultural motives perspective", "Five-Factor Model Personality Traits, Spirituality/Religiousness, and Mental Health Among People Living With HIV", "Affective reactions to auditory hallucinations in psychotic, evangelical and control groups", "Spirituality as a Scientific Construct: Testing Its Universality across Cultures and Languages", "The Question of the Importance of Samadhi in Modern and Classical Advaita Vedanta", "Trajectories to the New Age. [178][179] Puchalski et al. Cultivating disciplined practices of being engaged by god," in L. Gregory Jones and James J. Buckley eds., Spirituality and Social Embodiment, Oxford: Blackwell, 1997, 328 [4, n. 4]. ][web 9][64][note 7], The best known form of Islamic mystic spirituality is the Sufi tradition (famous through Rumi and Hafiz) in which a Sheikh or pir transmits spiritual discipline to students.[65]. The doctrine maintains that the divine and human natures of Jesus do not exist beside one another in an unconnected way but rather are joined in him in a personal unity that has traditionally been referred to as the hypostatic union. Hinduism - Wikipedia Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [web 5] Following Schleiermacher,[31] an individual's intuition of truth was taken as the criterion for truth. I think youve got to be very stubborn to reject God and to say evolutionit all happened by chance. CR Prasad, Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen (2010), Volume II, Brill. The Apophthegmata Patrum is a collection of the wisdom of some of the early desert monks and nuns, in print as Sayings of the Desert Fathers. Cosmic spirituality. Matters of life and death: Crime, punishment and justice D. Bhawuk (2011), Spirituality and Cultural Psychology, in Anthony Marsella (Series Editor), International and Cultural Psychology, Springer New York. Hunt was a strict Biblical Creationist - refutations of evolution and theistic evolution were a frequent topic of his radio programs, Search the Scriptures Daily and According to God's Word. [web 1] It is derived from the Old French espirit, which comes from the Latin word spiritus (soul, ghost, courage, vigor, breath) and is related to spirare (to breathe). Handbook of religious experience (pp.) Masters and Spielmans[176] conducted a meta-analysis of all the available and reputable research examining the effects of distant intercessory prayer. 8). [31] (18701966) Vivekananda popularised a modern syncretic Hinduism,[131][128] in which an emphasis on personal experience replaced the authority of scriptures. It defines spiritual practice as one's journey towards moksha, awareness of self, the discovery of higher truths, true nature of reality, and a consciousness that is liberated and content. It has a constituency of more than two billion believers. Nomura, Yushi (translation and art); Nouwen, Henri J. M. (introduction). The Christian community that developed into what is now known as the Russian Orthodox Church is traditionally said to have been founded by the Apostle Andrew, who is thought to have visited Scythia and Greek colonies along the northern coast of the Black Sea.According to one of the legends, Andrew reached the future location of Kyiv and foretold the foundation of a great [128][132] Suzuki had a major influence on the popularisation of Zen in the west and popularized the idea of enlightenment as insight into a timeless, transcendent reality. In the Vulgate the Latin word spiritus is used to translate the Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruach. Attend to your meditation in the fear of God, whether you are resting or at work. [29][30] The Desert Fathers or Desert Monks were early Christian hermits and ascetics, who lived primarily in the Scetes desert of the Roman province of Egypt, beginning around the third century AD. The distinction between the spiritual and the religious became more common in the popular mind during the late 20th century with the rise of secularism and the advent of the New Age movement. [1807.06209] Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters (1998), Jvanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta, State University of New York Press, Sawai, Y. Oncology Nursing Forum. In Clarke, I. But if he wills to abide with you, being an artisan, let him work and eat; 2 Thessalonians 3:10 but if he has no trade, according to your understanding see to it that, as a Christian, he shall not live with you idle. [9] John Cassian played an important role in mediating the influence of the Desert Fathers to the West. [193] (ref) A number of research groups have developed instruments which attempt to measure spirituality quantitatively, including the Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale. rather than simply classifying spirituality and science as non-overlapping magisteria. Harmless (Contributor Webpage), Chronology of early Christian monasticism, A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation, https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0195162234.001.0001/acprof-9780195162233-chapter-7, "The Non-Muslim Communities: Christian Communities", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desert_Fathers&oldid=1110343554, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "A hermit said, 'Take care to be silent. Hildegard of Bingen (German: Hildegard von Bingen; Latin: Hildegardis Bingensis; c. 1098 17 September 1179), also known as Saint Hildegard and the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The tools and methods of Ignatian spirituality, particularly the Examen, instill in us habits of prayerful, thoughtful reflection. The third was a semi-hermitic lifestyle seen mostly in Nitria, Kellia and Scetis, west of the Nile, begun by Saint Amun. Explore the Kindle Book Store for titles on Christianity, New Age, spirituality, bibles, Bestsellers, Hot New Releases, and more. Jains take five main vows: ahis (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (sexual continence), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness). "[18] He defines "personal religion" as, "the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine". [182][183][184][185] Moreover, experimenters have also successfully induced spiritual experiences in individuals by administering psychoactive agents known to elicit euphoria and perceptual distortions. New York: Paulist Press, 1997. [103] Nanak talks further about the one God or akal (timelessness) that permeates all life[104]). [1], Anthony lived in a time of transition for Christianitythe Diocletianic Persecution in AD303 was the last great formal persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. A new Theory of Evolution, p. 7, Azeemi, K.S., "Muraqaba: The Art and Science of Sufi Meditation". In traditional society prior to colonization and extensive introduction to Christianity or Islam, religion was the strongest element in society influencing the thinking and actions of the people. [31], William James popularized the use of the term "religious experience" in his The Varieties of Religious Experience. The eastern monastic tradition at Mount Athos and the western Rule of St Benedict both were strongly influenced by the traditions that began in the desert. Incarnation [61][web 9] This non-violent meaning is stressed by both Muslim[62] and non-Muslim[63] authors. Religious seekers also began going to the desert seeking advice and counsel from the early Desert Fathers. The First Council of Nicaea (325 ce) determined that Christ was begotten, not made and that he was therefore not creature but Creator. Shop products from small business brands sold in Amazons store. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. [19] Here as well, this notion of the divine is non-sectarian and non-institutional. [134], Kees Waaijman discerns four forms of spiritual practices:[135], Spiritual practices may include meditation, mindfulness, prayer, the contemplation of sacred texts, ethical development,[117] The Berean Call, which highlights Hunt's material, was started in 1992. CBC archives - Canada's home for news, sports, lifestyle, comedy, arts, kids, music, original series & more. Literary modernism Incarnation, central Christian doctrine that God became flesh, that God assumed a human nature and became a man in the form of Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the second person of the Trinity. [13] Others conclude that the sayings attributed to Abba Poemen are accurate, based on a notable and historical Abba Poemen. [8] Contemporary spirituality is also called "post-traditional spirituality" and "New Age spirituality". Recently in looking for clip-art images of baptism (and actually beyond that in online photographs, once the following was spotted) it is noticeable that in nearly every image the one baptising is not holding the child being baptised. Psychobiology of drug-induced religious experience: From the brain 'locus of religion' to cognitive unbinding. Peacocks of Pemberley: A Pride and Prejudice Variation 5. [web 1], The term "spiritual", meaning "concerning the spirit", is derived from Old French spirituel (12c. Only ten years later, Christianity was made legal in Egypt by Diocletian's successor Constantine I. [78][79], Traditionally, Hinduism identifies three mrga (ways)[80][note 8] of spiritual practice,[81] namely Jna(), the way of knowledge; Bhakti, the way of devotion; and Karma yoga, the way of selfless action. Members also formed smaller groups, with different tasks in the community and the responsibility of looking after each other's welfare.

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