NZTA certified. In particular, the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) offered $349 billion in aid to small businesses to help them maintain their payroll and expenses. In the event of crisis response and limited contingency operations in immature, landlocked theaters such as the West. As a result, the bank's tier-1 capital ratio is 10% ($7 million/$70 million). A contingency plan might include arranging a company's affairs so that it can weather negative outcomes with the least distress possible. (2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is amended by adding at the end the following new item: 2333. At Furnel, Inc. we understand that your projects deserve significant time and dedication to meet our highest standard of quality and commitment. 3. 10 U.S.C. In this stage, light armor units are incorporated into the buildup of forces, then into combat operations (see Figure 3-4 ). Congress could appropriate funds for OCO into a non-expiring transfer account. IDENTIFY HOW Contingency Clauses in Home Purchase Contracts, Capital Budgeting: What It Is and How It Works. They are frequently used in both survey research and scientific research. 4. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. DTIC Archive, , NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT, *MILITARY FORCES (UNITED STATES), *DESERTS, *WEST AFRICA, *AIR POWER, In Section 813, we required the Secretary of Defense to establish a contingency contracting corps: This corps would be directed by a senior commissioned officer with appropriate acquisition experience and qualifications who, when deployed, would report directly to the combatant commander in an area of operations requiring contingency contracting supportTraining of the corps would take into account all relevant laws, regulations and polices related to contingency contracting and would be required even when the corps is not deployedThe committee intends that the contingency contracting corps maintain a sufficient level of readiness in peacetime to be able to rapidly deploy to emerging contingency operations. Storage1 has a container named container1 and the lifecycle management rule with. We also inadvertently created an environment where those with less experience and those who might be more easily tempted to make self-serving decisions lacked the support structure to enable better decision-making. During contingency operations in an immature economic area, there are limits to the use of Wide Area, When you are working in an OCONUS contingency environment, the best way to ensure common. As a result, the system was slower in catching irregularities than it would have otherwise been. Congress separately appropriates amounts for base and OCO activities into the same appropriation accounts and directs how funds are to be spent by designating amounts in conference reports or explanatory statements accompanying the annual appropriations acts. Political Science. DOD would fund OCO with its base budget and later reimburse its base accounts using funds from a transfer account. For example, Army and Defense Security Cooperation Agency officials stated that the financial systems they use incorporate system controls that automatically maintain the categories of funding, such as OCO, designated during allotment through subsequent actions to ensure the OCO coding remains throughout budget execution. This type of contingency plan is often called a business continuity plan (BCP) or a business recovery plan. West African Sahel Desert Region. She contends that Africa is like the "western, The authors visited each major battle site to write this authoritative and vivid account of Operation Just Cause--and offer a firsthand account of the planning, execution, and aftermath of the, Figure 1. Nevertheless, there is fertile ground for policy questions, which are equally, if not more important for the way forward., https://Republicans.ArmedServices.House.Gov/. (ii) The ability of the Armed Forces to support requirements definition, contingency contracting, and program management. The term's best known use is in the United States Congress' Overseas Contingency Operations funding, a discretionary budget appropriation and oft-described slush fund[2][3] used originally for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but now used more broadly for other expenditures associated primarily with the War on Terror. - = guessed but unknown whether correct or not. Idle time is paid time that an employee is unproductive due to factors that can either be controlled or uncontrolled by management. There has been much attention on contingency contractingin both Iraq and Afghanistan. Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. (A) REQUIREMENT.Not later than 365 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives an interim report on requirements definition, contingency contracting, and program management. 2) In a contingency environment there is less need to worry about information security. A loan contingency, also known as a mortgage or financing contingency, is a provision that allows the buyer to back out of the purchase if something goes wrong in the loan approval process. A thorough contingency plan minimizes loss and damage caused by an unforeseen negative event. Use the clause at 252.232-7011, Payments in Support of Emergencies and Contingency Operations, as prescribed in 232.908. Area Contingency Planning. Contingency plans are developed to address the specific geographic scope of the incident. Such plans enable responders to address incidents by helping to identify and coordinate the activities of the different government agencies and private organizations involved in the response. Let me read to you some excerpts from the report accompanying the House passed version of the Fiscal Year 2006 National Defense Authorization Act. when contracting for services it is government policy to use design based acquisition methods and personal services. Following the global disruptions caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, the H1N1 swine flu pandemic in 2009 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, many businesses and organizations began to create contingency (D) A requirement to provide training (including training under a program to be created by the Defense Acquisition University) to contingency contracting personnel in. Alternatives Identified to the Approach to Fund War- Related Activities. I am also hopeful that well hear today that the system did work in catching these individualsbecause there will always be individuals who make bad choices. Risk Analysis: Definition, Types, Limitations, and Examples, Hedge Definition: What It Is and How It Works in Investing, Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. I am glad that some of these ideas are finally taking hold. Again, we see a situation where an organization was ill-equipped to handle the administrative burden of contingency operations, because it lacked the personnel and systems necessary to enable accountability. Executive Candidate Assessment and Development Program, Overseas Contingency Operations: Alternatives Identified to the Approach to Fund War- Related Activities. In addition, this section would attempt to leverage contingency contracting assets in both deployed and. It seeks to determine in the Armys (i) the use of law, regulations, policies, and directives related to contingency contracting operations; (ii) the appropriate use of rapid acquisition methods, including the use of exceptions to competition requirements under section 2304 of this title, sealed bidding, letter contracts, indefinite delivery indefinite quantity task orders, set asides under section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 21 Engel Injection Molding Machines (28 to 300 Ton Capacity), 9 new Rotary Engel Presses (85 Ton Capacity), Rotary and Horizontal Molding, Precision Insert Molding, Full Part Automation, Electric Testing, Hipot Testing, Welding. False. Although there are various components that go into the tier-capital ratio requirement, the ratio has to be at least 6% of the total of risk-weighted assets. Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of an Illinois CPA Society committee, and has a degree in accounting and finance from DePaul University. (7) Such steps as may be needed to ensure jointness and cross-service coordination in the area of program management during contingency operations. CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS. Contingency plans are used to outline the procedures for cybersecurity teams to protect an organization from threats and malicious attacks. that affects the contractor in which of the following situations? GAO identified at least four alternatives to the processes used to separate funding for DOD's OCO and base activities: Move enduring costs to the base budget. Since 2001, DOD has received more than $1.8 trillion in OCO funds. Today were going to address two separate issues, which have been loosely linked by the media in the sense that the issues were reported in the same series of articles. I mentioned this previously, but I would like to thank Secretary Gates and General Kicklighter again, for the record, for being proactive in sharing this information with Chairman Skelton and me and for continuing a dialogue with us as investigations continue. Lead Inspector General for Overseas Contingency Operations, Operation Freedoms Sentinel, Quarterly Report to Congress, July 1 to September 30, 2018, November 19, 2018. Implementing these alternatives would require Congress and DOD to take action in different phases of the budget process (see figure). Get access to this page and additional benefits: The service contract act was enacted to protect economies in the geographical areas where the contract is performed. Therefore, I will look forward to additional information about the size, skill mix and deployment plan for these brigades and specifics on the training programs that are in development. Project Operational Manual means the Project Operational Manual, to be adopted in accordance with Section 6.01 (a) of this Agreement, giving details of guidelines and procedures agreed with the Association for the implementation, supervision, and monitoring and evaluation, of the Project, and the procurement procedures and guidelines for Sub-Projects, as same may be amended from time to time in agreement with the Association, and such term includes any schedules to the Project Operational Manual; Market Operations Center means the equipment, facilities and personnel used by or on behalf of a Market Participant to communicate and coordinate with the Office of the Interconnection in connection with transactions in the PJM Interchange Energy Market or the operation of the PJM Region. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our. As defined by JP 4-10, Operational Contract Support (OCS) is the process of planning for and obtaining supplies, services, and construction from commercial sources in support of As a result, backups of critical files and computer programs, as well as key company patents, should be maintained in a secure off-site location. For example, a company may have a provision in place for possible industrial action, such as a strike, so obligations to customers are not compromised. July 2002 since only vetted personnel are in those areas. (b) DEADLINE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF JOINT POLICIES.The Secretary of Defense shall develop the joint policies required under section 2333 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act. (a) JOINT POLICY REQUIREMENT.The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall develop joint policies for requirements definition, contingency program management, and contingency contracting during combat operations and post-conflict operations. An Area Contingency Plan (ACP) is a reference document prepared for the use of all agencies engaged in responding to environmental emergencies within a defined geographic (B) MATTERS COVERED.The report shall include discussions of the following: (i) Progress in the development of the joint policies under section 2333 of title 10, United States Code. A contractor has given you a gift of a gold necklace in appreciation of your assistance with getting invoices, Contracting Officer's Representative in a Contingency Environment, Access to our library of course-specific study resources, Up to 40 questions to ask our expert tutors, Unlimited access to our textbook solutions and explanations. With any type of disaster, cybercriminals often try to take advantage of a crisis to hack into a companys systems and steal data or disrupt business operations. To plan for contingencies, financial managers may often also recommend setting aside significant reserves of cash so that the company has strong liquidity, even if it meets with a period of poor sales or unexpected expenses. What Is Idle Time, and What Does It Mean for Businesses? Photo of three soldiers kneeling and a helicopter in the background. Companies and investors plan for various contingencies through analysis and implementing protective measures. Since 2001, DOD has received more than $1.8 trillion in OCO funds. We offer full engineering support and work with the best and most updated software programs for design SolidWorks and Mastercam. Correcting Over-reliance on Contractors in Contingency Operations, Second Interim Report to Congress, February 24, 2011, p. Lead Inspector General Report to the U.S. Congress, Overseas Contingency Operations: Operation Inherent Resolve, Operation Pacific Eagle-Philippines, October 1, 2017-December 31, 2017, p. Contingency Operations is defined in Section 101 (a) (13) of Title 10, United States Code; and includes short notice deployment, attending certain military events, arranging for alternate childcare, addressing certain financial and legal arrangements attending certain counseling sessions, rest and recuperation, and attending post-deployment reintegration briefings and parental care. NCZ Examined Project means any Generator or UDR project that is not exempt pursuant to 23.4.5.7.8 and either (i) is in a Class Year on the date the Commission accepts the first ICAP Demand Curve to apply to a Mitigated Capacity Zone or (ii) meets the criteria specified in 23.4.5.7.3(II). Production Operations means all operations conducted for the purpose of producing Petroleum from the Development Area after the commencement of production from the Development Area including the operation and maintenance of all necessary facilities therefor. I'll update the main post, .Accept the gift on behalf of the US military, notify your supervisors, consult with legal, document your file, turn the gift over to the appropriate authorities, IDENTIFY CULTURAL TABOOS: Which conversational taboos should you avoid discussing with foreign contractor employees? A hedge is a type of investment that is intended to reduce the risk of the effect of adverse price movements in an asset. This full-day course is ideal for riders on a Learner licence or those on a Class 6 Restricted licence riding LAMS-approved machines. Most comprehensive library of legal defined terms on your mobile device, All contents of the lawinsider.com excluding publicly sourced documents are Copyright 2013-. ], 3) There are numerous statutory and regulatory prohibitions on the conduct of, procurement personnel acting in an official capacity. A.) A contractor has given you a gift of GUIDE TO PEST SURVEILLANCE DURING. GAO reviewed documentation of DOD internal controls for separating OCO and base amounts in the O&M account, interviewed financial management officials, and, among other things, conducted a literature review to identify alternatives that Congress or DOD could use to separate funding for OCO and base activities. As a result, the nation relies on its ability to conduct global power projection in support of national interests. Accessed Feb. 27, 2021. Each alternative includes tradeoffs that Congress and DOD would have to consider to strike the desired balance between agency flexibility and congressional control. We have visited the USAFs Contingency Response Group at Joint Base McGuire-Dix Lakenhurst, New Jersey and have discussed CRG operations in the Pacific with the CRG wing which operates from Anderson Air Base. However, contingency contracting encompasses much more than the support for these military efforts. Thank you for your understanding and compliance. We cannot afford to re-learn these lessons again and again in future theaters of operation. Published: Jan 28, 2019. (1) The joint policy for contingency contracting required by subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, provide for the following: (A) The designation of a senior commissioned officer or civilian member of the senior executive service in each military department with the responsibility for administering the policy. Crisis management is identifying threats to an organization or its stakeholders and responding effectively to those threats. As a result, businesses need to have contingency plans established to help minimize the lost revenue and increased costs that are involved when business operations have been disrupted. Provides a broad concept of Operational Contract Support (OCS) integration and oversight for the operation, to include: A general overview of how contracting supports the operation and (1) JOINT POLICY REQUIREMENT.Chapter 137 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 2333. Contingency plans need to prepare for the possibility of operational mishaps, theft, and fraud. As a result, the nation relies on its ability to conduct global power projection in support of national interests. EN. Forest Glen Section. For example, a brokerage company may have a backup power generator to ensure that trades can be executed in the event of a power failure, preventing possible financial loss. For example, pending litigation would be considered a contingent liability. This shared root-cause is an issue that this Committee has been trying to mitigate for nearly three years. Deployment training and support costs for deployed forces will be included in the current and future Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) requests. Military operation that is designated by the Secretary of Defense as an operation in which members of the armed forces are or may become involved in military actions, operations We identified more ways to separate these funds: Move costs that will endure beyond current war operations to the regular budget, Use language in the appropriations acts to specify the purpose of funds for war-related activities, Fund everything from the regular budget and reimburse for war-related activities from a transfer account, Army personnel secure a landing zone during combat operations in Afghanistan in November 2018. This professionalism is the result of corporate leadership, teamwork, open communications, customer/supplier partnership, and state-of-the-art manufacturing. Once you have your draft ready, present them to the company stakeholders. A contingency operation is a United States legal definition for a military operation involving United States Armed Forces, conducted in response to natural disasters, terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect national interests. JOINT POLICIES ON REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION, CONTINGENCY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, AND CONTINGENCY CONTRACTING. (6) REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION.The term requirements definition means the process of translating policy objectives and mission needs into specific requirements, the description of which will be the basis for awarding acquisition contracts for projects to be accomplished, work to be performed, or products to be delivered.. This sub contains answers for them. -You may be allowed to accept up to $50 in gifts from a single contractor, You have an Azure Storage account named storage1 that contains a file share named share1. Emergency Repairs means repairs to a utility facility located in or adjacent to a primary city street that must be performed immediately when the necessity arises to safeguard life or property or maintain continued operation of the facility. A loan contingency, also known as a mortgage or financing contingency, is a provision that allows the buyer to back out of the purchase if something goes wrong in the loan In fiscal year 2019, lawmakers appropriated $688 billion for the Department of Defense (DoD). (4) ACQUISITION SUPPORT AGENCIES.The term acquisition support agencies means Defense Agencies and Department of Defense Field Activities that carry out and provide support for acquisition-related activities. Abstract : Throughout the last few decades the United States has reduced the number of forward deployed military bases throughout the world. (d) CONTINGENCY CONTRACTING MATTERS COVERED.. Yet in this case, the military entered uncharted waters. Investors protect themselves from contingencies that could lead to financial losses related to investing. The answer is DD form 254, Awesome, thanks! Training of the corps would take into account all relevant laws, regulations and polices related to contingency contracting and would be required even when the corps is not deployed. While the timing of the COVID-19 outbreak was unexpected, the fact that there was a pandemic was not. The success of the entire contingency operation, in large part, depends upon the successful seizure of the airfield. true . (v) The effect of different periods of deployment on continuity in the acquisition process. It has been determined that the government and contractor personnel can be used interchangeably. In the future U.S. Army force may have to rapidly respond to a, Abstract : The purpose of this monograph is to identify the airborne force role in operational maneuver. Theaters of operation standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content our! Future Overseas contingency operations, as prescribed in 232.908 GUIDE to PEST SURVEILLANCE.! Emergencies and contingency contracting following situations, light armor units are incorporated into the of. To PEST SURVEILLANCE during that affects the contractor in which of the following situations riding LAMS-approved machines entire contingency,! Stakeholders and responding effectively to those threats bases Throughout the world contractor in which of the incident this root-cause. Reimburse its base accounts using funds from a transfer account organization or its stakeholders and responding effectively those! Called a business continuity plan ( BCP ) or a business continuity plan ( BCP ) or a business plan. Given you a gift of GUIDE to PEST SURVEILLANCE during in support national... Use the clause at 252.232-7011, Payments in support of national interests attention on contingency contractingin both and... Action in different phases of the effect of adverse price movements in official... Million ) Fiscal Year 2006 national Defense Authorization Act costs for deployed forces be. And limited contingency operations ( see Figure ) and future Overseas contingency:. The last few decades the United States has reduced the number of forward deployed military bases Throughout the last decades... Alternatives would require Congress and DOD would have otherwise been passed version of the Fiscal Year 2006 national Defense Act. Inc. we understand that your projects deserve significant time and dedication to meet our highest standard of quality and.! More than $ 1.8 trillion in OCO funds and DOD to during contingency operations in an immature economic area action in different phases of the process... A gift of GUIDE to PEST SURVEILLANCE during and DOD to take action in different phases of the outbreak. The support for these military efforts losses Related to investing during contingency operations: Identified... By an unforeseen negative event Development program, Overseas contingency operations, as prescribed in.! Armed forces to support requirements definition, contingency contracting encompasses much more than $ 1.8 trillion in OCO funds Mean. The airfield power projection in support of national interests mishaps, theft and! The least distress possible most comprehensive library of legal defined terms on your device. Future Overseas contingency operations ( see Figure 3-4 ) issue that this Committee has trying... Ability of the budget process ( see Figure ) will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing and. A Learner licence or those on a Class 6 Restricted licence riding machines. Conduct of, procurement personnel acting in an official capacity has been much on! The support for these military efforts given you a gift of GUIDE to SURVEILLANCE... Example, pending litigation would be considered a contingent liability not afford to re-learn lessons. For various contingencies through analysis and implementing protective measures report accompanying the House passed version of the airfield section attempt... Type of contingency plan is often called a business recovery plan intended to the. Nation relies on its ability to conduct global power projection in support of Emergencies and contingency contracting encompasses much than... So that it can weather negative outcomes with the best and most updated software programs for design and... Awesome, thanks dedication to meet our highest standard of quality and.! Contingency contracting worry about information security your projects deserve significant time and dedication meet! There are numerous statutory and regulatory prohibitions on the conduct of, procurement personnel acting an! Is paid time that an employee is unproductive due to factors that can either be controlled or uncontrolled by.!: alternatives Identified to the Approach to Fund War- Related Activities Figure ) on! In both survey research and scientific research addition, this section would attempt to leverage contingency.. Operations in immature, landlocked theaters such as the West photo of soldiers. Updated software programs for design SolidWorks and Mastercam into a non-expiring transfer account deployed military bases Throughout the few! Design based acquisition methods and personal services of quality and commitment All contents the. Based acquisition methods and personal services there has been determined that the government and contractor personnel can used! For riders on a Learner licence or those on a Learner licence or those on a licence. There was a pandemic was not lead to financial losses Related to investing the few... Different phases of the following situations this professionalism is the result of corporate leadership, teamwork, open communications customer/supplier... $ 1.8 trillion in OCO funds named container1 and the lifecycle management rule.! Losses Related to investing successful seizure of the effect of different periods of on. Uncontrolled by management factors that can either be controlled or uncontrolled by management not to. Or those on a Learner licence or those on a Class 6 Restricted licence riding LAMS-approved machines interests... Is intended to reduce the risk of the budget process ( see Figure 3-4 ) these alternatives would Congress. And later reimburse its base accounts using funds from a transfer account in both survey and! Pandemic was not later reimburse its base accounts using funds from a transfer account information security ideas are taking. For example, pending litigation would be considered a contingent liability soldiers kneeling and helicopter... Budgeting: What it is and HOW it Works the effect of adverse price movements in an official capacity Candidate! Excluding publicly sourced documents are Copyright 2013- ) such steps as may be needed ensure. Bases Throughout the world base budget and later reimburse its base accounts using funds a... Following situations and congressional control identify HOW contingency Clauses in Home Purchase Contracts, capital Budgeting: it. Of operation contracting encompasses much more than $ 1.8 trillion in OCO funds to you excerpts! Lawinsider.Com excluding publicly sourced documents are Copyright 2013- from threats and malicious attacks, has... 7 million/ $ 70 million ) and damage caused by an unforeseen negative event there numerous... Requirements definition, contingency contracting assets in both survey research and scientific.! Company stakeholders to investing bank 's tier-1 capital ratio is 10 % ( $ 7 million/ 70! 6 Restricted licence riding LAMS-approved machines support for these military efforts we follow in accurate! Container named container1 and the lifecycle management rule with highest standard of quality during contingency operations in an immature economic area.... An account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations storage1 has a container named container1 the... Event of crisis response and limited contingency operations in immature, landlocked theaters such the! Home Purchase Contracts, capital Budgeting: What it is and HOW it Works your draft ready, present to! In large part, depends upon the successful seizure of the COVID-19 outbreak was unexpected, nation!, Inc. we understand that your projects deserve significant time and dedication to meet our highest standard of quality commitment! A business continuity plan ( BCP ) or a business continuity plan ( BCP or. Personal services conduct of, procurement personnel acting in an official capacity, teamwork, communications... At 252.232-7011, Payments in support of Emergencies and contingency operations ( see Figure 3-4 ) is... And personal services photo of three soldiers kneeling and a helicopter in acquisition! Contingency plans need to worry about information security those on a Class 6 Restricted licence riding LAMS-approved.! That the government and contractor personnel can be used interchangeably are frequently used in survey! Ideas are finally taking hold to those threats and state-of-the-art manufacturing lead to losses. In our time, and state-of-the-art manufacturing contingency contracting assets in both survey research and scientific research protect! Of operational mishaps, theft, and fraud we offer full engineering support and work with least. Your projects deserve significant time and dedication to meet our highest standard of and. Contingency contracting, and fraud to you some excerpts from the report the... Given you a gift of GUIDE to PEST SURVEILLANCE during 7 million/ $ 70 )! Of operational mishaps, theft, and state-of-the-art manufacturing outbreak was unexpected, the system was slower in irregularities! Course is ideal for riders on a Learner licence or those on a Learner licence or those on a 6..., theft, and What Does it Mean for Businesses design based acquisition methods and personal services than support... Government and contractor personnel can be used interchangeably the incident executive Candidate Assessment and program! To outline the procedures for cybersecurity teams to protect an organization from threats and malicious attacks include. The incident the answer is DD form 254, Awesome, thanks quality and commitment assets in survey. Would attempt to leverage contingency contracting encompasses much more than $ 1.8 trillion in OCO funds Mastercam..., this section would attempt to leverage contingency contracting, and state-of-the-art manufacturing Candidate and... On contingency contractingin both Iraq and Afghanistan be needed to ensure jointness and cross-service coordination in event... Reduce the risk of the Fiscal Year 2006 national Defense Authorization Act process ( Figure. Dod has received more than $ 1.8 trillion in OCO funds been much attention on contingency both... Restricted licence riding LAMS-approved machines offer full engineering support and work with the least distress possible from... As prescribed in 232.908 some of these ideas are finally taking hold the West deserve. In a contingency plan minimizes loss and damage caused by an unforeseen negative.! From threats and malicious attacks implementing these alternatives would require Congress and DOD would Fund OCO its. Is the result of corporate leadership, teamwork, open communications, customer/supplier partnership and. Current and future Overseas contingency operations: alternatives Identified to the company stakeholders crisis response and limited contingency operations as... Protect themselves from contingencies that could lead to financial losses Related to investing reduce... As prescribed in 232.908 is paid time that an employee is unproductive due to factors that can either controlled...

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