If the materials under consideration are transparent to laser light, it is likely that they are also partially transparent to thermal (infrared-band) radiation. Mehr lesen A laser beam focused in a cylindrical material domain. For questions related to your modeling, please contact our Support team. Both of these material properties can be functions of temperature. Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law, Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811, https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639, https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics, 2022 by COMSOL. This information will be useful in guiding you toward the appropriate approach for your modeling needs. This does include a top-hap profile boundary condition option within the Incident Intensity feature. There are 5 companies in the FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP . This is most easily done with the Deposited Beam Power feature (shown below), which is available with the Heat Transfer Module as of COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.1. In some cases, you may expect that there is also a fluid that provides significant heating or cooling to the problem and cannot be approximated with a boundary condition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-472. If the heated domain is large, but the laser beam is tightly focused within it, neither the ray optics nor the Beer-Lambert law modeling approach can accurately solve for the fields and losses near the focus. Define the laser heat source only in the solid zone,. This would be a question which would be appropriate to ask directly to your COMSOL Support Team. The intensity at the incident side and within the material are plotted, along with the mesh. Hello adried, Note that you can also solve a time-domain model, as in: https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811. The peak, average, and minimum temperature during the heating process is computed, as well as the temperature variations across the wafer. Please help me or recommend the related topic! A constant radiation hits an slab and part of that is transferred through the slab, part is absorbed within the slab and part is reflected. Within this blog post, we will neglect convection and concern ourselves only with the heating of solid materials. These couplings are automatically set up when you add the Laser Heating interface under Add Physics. Im trying to obtain an output very similar to the one illustrated in this post but I cant get the Laser Heating coupling quite right. In general this problem can be solved in a lot and different geometries using ports. The full-wave approach requires a finite element mesh that is fine enough to resolve the wavelength of the laser light. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Best. Happy modeling! I want to simulate phase change with laser heating over metal ( solid material ) to see how laser melt it. But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. For those interested in using this approach, this tutorial model from our Application Gallery provides a great starting point. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Before starting to model any laser-material interactions, you should first determine the optical properties of the material that you are modeling, both at the laser wavelength and in the infrared regime. Thus, the resonant frequencies of the filter elements (cavities) . Thus far, we have only considered the heating of a solid material that does not change phase. Despite the nomenclature, the RF Module and the Microwave Heating interface are appropriate over a wide frequency band. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? When you expect the temperature variations to be significant, you may also need to consider the wavelength-dependent surface emissivity. The transient thermal response of the wafer is shown. Finally, if the heated structure has dimensions comparable to the wavelength, it is necessary to solve the full Maxwells equations without assuming any propagation direction of the laser light within the modeling space. Now Im modeling the nano pulsed laser heating a nano-object to predict the temperature of the object and the air around it. The CFD Module, however, has certain additional turbulent flow modeling capabilities, which are described in detail in this previous blog post. The beam envelope method can be combined with the Heat Transfer in Solids interface via the Electromagnetic Heat Source multiphysics couplings. If youre referring to the beam profile, Id suggest looking over the Radiative Beam in Absorbing Media interface. Hello Walter, Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support Modeling the temperature rise and heat flux within and around the material additionally requires the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. When laser light hits a solid material, part of the energy is absorbed, leading to localized heating. 1- A spherical nanoparticle This information will be useful in guiding you toward the appropriate approach for your modeling needs. In cases where the material is opaque, or very nearly so, at the laser wavelength, it is appropriate to treat the laser as a surface heat source. The tutorial forms part of a video series aimed at demonstrating. Hello Walter, Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations: The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this. When you expect the temperature variations to be significant, you may also need to consider the wavelength-dependent surface emissivity. Then I can attach the two models together. Hello Alison, Depending upon the degree of transparency, different approaches for modeling the laser heat source are appropriate. Finally, if the heated structure has dimensions comparable to the wavelength, it is necessary to solve the full Maxwells equations without assuming any propagation direction of the laser light within the modeling space. et al. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526612515000304)For consultations, contact us at:E-mail: [email protected] This is demonstrated in our Rapid Thermal Annealing tutorial model. If the laser is very tightly focused, then a different approach is needed compared to a relatively wide beam. https://www. The thermal variations result in structural deformations of the structure. This approach assumes that the laser light beam is perfectly parallel and unidirectional. The losses in the sphere and the surrounding electric field magnitude are plotted, along with the mesh. The resultant surface heat source is shown. When using the Beer-Lambert law approach, the absorption coefficient of the material and reflection at the material surface must be known. The question is quite simple , in RF (frequency domain) we can find , A(), R() , () : absorption ,refrection and transimition as a function of frequency. One-dimensional multipulse laser machining of structural alumina: evolution of surface topography. The approach is appropriate if the wave vector is approximately known throughout the modeling domain and whenever you know approximately the direction in which light is traveling. Here, we need to use the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface, which is available in both the Wave Optics Module and the RF Module. The heating of liquids and gases and the modeling of phase change will be covered in a future blog post. If the heated objects are much larger than the wavelength, but the laser light itself is converging and diverging through a series of optical elements and is possibly reflected by mirrors, then the functionality in the Ray Optics Module is the best option. Which field should I use for the simulation, the scattered field has Gaussian beam background wave type or full-field? The beam envelope method solves the full Maxwells equations when the field envelope is slowly varying. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68, 6983 (2013). To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. Today, we will discuss various approaches for simulating the heating of materials illuminated by laser light. The finite element mesh only needs to be fine enough to resolve the temperature fields as well as the laser spot size. If the material interacting with the beam has geometric features that are comparable to the wavelength, we must additionally consider exactly how the beam will interact with these small structures. The transient thermal response of the wafer is shown. A good example to build upon is: I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. The heating of liquids and gases and the modeling of phase change will be covered in a future blog post. I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. The tutorial forms part of a video series aimed at demonstrating laser machining fundamentals using finite element analysis (FEA).Reference Articles: 1. The appropriate way to set up such a model is described in our earlier blog entry Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law. This infrared light will be neither coherent nor collimated, so we cannot use any of the above approaches to describe the reradiation within semitransparent media. If youre referring to the beam profile, Id suggest looking over the Radiative Beam in Absorbing Media interface. Vora, H.D., Santhanakrishnan, S., Harimkar, S.P. Laser light is very nearly single frequency (single wavelength) and coherent. The laser itself is not explicitly modeled, and it is assumed that the fraction of laser light that is reflected off the material is never reflected back. Within this blog post, we will neglect convection and concern ourselves only with the heating of solid materials. A laser beam focused through two lenses. Is there a blog entry or tutorial model for the beam envelope method? Please advise. Which one is the best for Laser Ablation? You can use any of the previous five approaches to model the power deposition from a laser source in a solid material. With the full-field, now I dont know how to put the laser beam into the model. Both modules can solve for laminar and turbulent fluid flow. But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. Laser light heating a gold nanosphere. 3. The beam envelope method solves the full Maxwells equations when the field envelope is slowly varying. For those interested in using this approach, this tutorial model from our Application Gallery provides a great starting point. The Laser Heating interface adds the Beam Envelopes and the Heat Transfer in Solids interfaces and the multiphysics couplings between them. Please help me or recommend the related topic! Solid materials can be either partially transparent or completely opaque to light at the laser wavelength. Available in the core COMSOL Multiphysics package, this interface is suitable for modeling heat transfer in solids and features fixed temperature, insulating, and heat flux boundary conditions. For this, you will want to explicitly model the fluid flow using the Heat Transfer Module or the CFD Module, which can solve for both the temperature and flow fields. This is the case when modeling a focused laser light as well as waveguide structures like a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator. Surface heating and volumetric heating approaches are presented, along with a brief overview of the heat transfer modeling capabilities. Please advise. The Deposited Beam Power feature in the Heat Transfer Module is used to model two crossed laser beams. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4709-8For consultations, contact us at:E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Alle Rechte vorbehalten. can you help me about that please. It is, however, also quite easy to manually set up such a surface heat load using only the COMSOL Multiphysics core package, as shown in the example here. Typically, the output of a laser is also focused into a narrow collimated beam. A laser beam focused in a cylindrical material domain. Email: [email protected], I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL. Despite the nomenclature, the RF Module and the Microwave Heating interface are appropriate over a wide frequency band. Is the Microwave heating physic suitable for use in this case? Can anyone guide me through the procedure to follow for it? The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. With the full-field, now I dont know how to put the laser beam into the model. I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL Multiphysics can you please help me on the step by step approach of the Simulation.

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